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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three following characteristics associated with...
-Hemodynamic changes -Neutrophils -Chemical mediators |
Acute Inflammation
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Acute Inflammation =
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-immediate response to injury
-contributed to innate immunity -SHORT duration -Cardinal Signs = Rubor, Calor, Tumor, Dolor, Functio laesa Rubor = Redness Calor = Heat Tumor = Swelling Dolor = Pain Functio laesa = Loss of Function |
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Selectins =
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Weak binding
Initiate rolling |
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Integrins =
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Stable binding
Adhesion |
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Neutrophils associated with AML have granules that contain what enzyme?
What about granules in CML Neutrophils? |
AML = Neutrophilic granules contain Myeloperoxidase
CML = Neutrophilic granules contain Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) |
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Adhesion and Migration into inflamed tissue ...
What is the first step after VD and the leukocytes move into the tissue? What is a key component of this stage? |
-Rolling is induced via P-Selectin and E-selectin
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What is the next step after rolling begins in the adhesion/migration stage of inflammation?
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-Integrin ligands at the endothelium stop rolling and allow stable adhesion of the leukocytes
-The leukocyte then migrates through the endothelium to enter the cell and fibrin/fibronectin allow scar tissue formation |
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What are important chemotaxic agents?
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-C5a
-Leukotriene B4 -IL-8 |
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What deficiency do the following symptoms describe..
-Autosomal recessive -Deficiency of Beta-2 integrin (CD18) -Recurrent Bacterial Infections -Delay in Umbilical Cord Sloughing |
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
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Defects in adhesion can result in...
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-Diabetes Mellitus
-CCS use -Acute Alcohol Intoxication -Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency |
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What is this form of intracellular killing called...
-respiratory burst -requires O2 and NADPH oxidase -produces superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide -Myeloperoxidase converts H2O2 --> OCl- (bactericidal) |
-Oxygen-dependent killing
Deficiency of NADPH Oxidase --> Chronic granulomatous disease Def of Myeloperoxidase --> chronic Candida infections |
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What is this form of intracellular killing called...
-Uses lysozyme, lactoferrin, acid hydrolases, bactericidal permeability increasing protein, defensins |
-Oxygen-independent killing
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Vasoactive Amines (2) are...
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-Histamine (from basophils, platelets, mast cells)
-Serotonin (from platelets) |
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Preformed mediators in secretory granules of cellular inflammation (3)
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-Histamine (from basophils, platelets, mast cells)
-Serotonin (from platelets) -Lysosomal enzymes (from neutrophils, macrophages) |
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Newly synthesized mediators of cellular inflammation (6)
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-Prostaglandins (from leukocytes, platelets, Endothelial Cells)
-Leukotrienes (from leukocytes) -Platelet activating factors (from leukocytes and Endothelial Cells) -Activated O2 species (from leukocytes) -Nitric Oxide (from macrophages) -Cytokines (from lymphocytes, macrophages, Endothelial Cells) |
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What type of inflammation (Acute vs Chronic) does the following describe as its' outcomes:
-Complete resolution with regeneration -Complete resolution with scarring/healing -Abscess formation -Transition to chronic inflammation |
-Acute inflammation
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Macrophages:
-what are they derived from? -life span in connective tissue? -where are they recruited from during inflammation? -what are the associated chemotactic factors? -what disease process causes it to become an epithelioid cell? |
-derived from Monocytes
-life span = 60-120 days -recruited from the blood for inflammation -Chemotactic factors: C5a, MCP1, MIP1-alpha, PDGF, TGF-beta -Granulomatous processes cause macrophages to become modified epithelioid cells |
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Commonly used cells for chronic inflammation (4)
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-Macrophages
-Lymphocytes -Eosinophils -Basophils |
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Eosinophils are associated with what types of infection?
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-Parasitic infections
-IgE mediated allergic reactions (Type I hypersensitivity) |
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Basophils are involved with what type of reaction?
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-Type I hypersensitivity reaction = IgE mediated reactions
-Release histamine |
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Mediators of Pain (2)
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-Bradykinin
-Prostaglandins (E2) |
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Mediators of Fever (4)
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-Cytokines: IL1, IL6, and TNF-alpha
-Prostaglandins |
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What does the following describe:
-special form of chronic inflammation -small aggregates of modified macrophages -involves CD4+ Th1 lymphocytes |
-Chronic Granulomatous inflammation
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What is IFN gamma's job in granuloma formation?
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Conversion from macrophage --> Epithelioid cells
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Fusion of epithelioid cells in a granuloma is referred to as...
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Multinucleated giant cell
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What do the following have in common:
-Tuberculosis infection -Cat-scratch fever -Syphilis -Leprosy -Fungal infections -Parasitic infections -Foreign bodies -Beryllium -Sarcoidosis |
-Granulomatous diseases
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Causes of Friction Pericarditis? (4)
-what is a common finding of friction pericarditis? |
(RUMS)
-Rheumatic Heart Dz -Uremia (chronic renal failure) -MI -SLE -Friction rub |
