Pathology Ii-Intestines

Front 1

What is the most common cause of ischemic disease?

Back 1

Vascular Obstruction

Front 2

What injury is associated with ischemic disease in the intestines?

Back 2

decreased blood flow leads to hypoxia which leads to death of villous epithelium and then if severe crypts. You see blunting of the villi.
Reperfusion Injury also occurs when blood flow returns due to FREE RADICALS

Front 3

What are the three mechanisms for villus atrophy?

Back 3

1. Damage to crypt progenitor cells
2. Primary Exfoilation of surface epithelium and increased turnover
3. Primary Crypt Hyperplasia--> failure of differentiation and increased turnover

Front 4

What are common viral causes of damage to surface epithelium of the intestinal tract?

Back 4

Rotavirus
Coronavirus

Front 5

What are common pathogenic causes of damage to crypt cells?

Back 5

Panleukopenia and canine parvovirus
Bovine Viral Diarrhea
Coccidosis

Front 6

What is the pathogenesis behind primary crypt cell hyperplasia?

Back 6

T cell mediated hypersensitivity, chronic inflammation

Front 7

Which organisms cause hemorrhagic enteritis?

Back 7

Lawsonia intracellularis, coccidosis, Clostridial toxins (damage to surface vasculature)
Parvovirus (damage to mucosal layer)

Front 8

Which organisms are responsible for fibrinous enteritis?

Back 8

Salmonella, intestinal adenomatosis, mucosal dz, swine dystetery, coccidiosis.

Front 9

Which organisms are responsible for necrotic lesions in the intestines?

Back 9

C. perfringens

Front 10

Which organisms cause a granulomatous enteritis?

Back 10

Mycobacterium spp, Histoplasma capsulatum, Protetheca spps, Johne's Dz.

Front 11

Catarrhal enteritis is most commonly due to what?

Back 11

Parasites causing vascular congestions

Front 12

Secretory diarrhea is usually caused by what?

Back 12

bacterial enterotoxemia

Front 13

Malabsorptive diarrhea is a common sequela to which intestinal abnormality

Back 13

villus atrophy

Front 14

What is the pathogenisis behind Overo lethal white foals?

Back 14

megacolon due to congenital lack of submucosal myenteric plexus causing the inability for the foal to pass the meconium--> colic--> death.

Front 15

What viruses affect absorptive enterocytes?

Back 15

Rotavirus
Coronavirus
adenovirus

Front 16

What parasites effect absorptive enterocytes?

Back 16

coccidia
cryptosporidium-

Front 17

Which viruses cause disease in crypt progenitor cells?

Back 17

Rinderpest
BVD
Parvovirus

Front 18

Which diseases are infiltrative or inflammatory

Back 18

canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis (boxer colitis)
Johne's Dz
Amyloidosis
Lymphoma

Front 19

Which diseases are necrotizing to the lamina propria?

Back 19

BVD, Rhodococcus equi

Front 20

In what age group do we see neterotoxic E.coli and Rotaviral infections?

Back 20

calves and pigs 2-3 days old (up to 7 weeks for rotaviral infections in pigs)

Front 21

Edema disease is caused by which bacteria and infects which species & age group

Back 21

Edema disease is an E. coli disease of piglets 6-14 weeks old

Front 22

Camplyobacteriosis is common in which species, age group. What type of lesions does it produce in the intestinal tract?

Back 22

Dogs under 3 months of age. Causes proliferative segmental enteropathy.

Front 23

Which bacterial diseases infect the intestinal tract of dogs and cats?

Back 23

Clostridial gastroenteritis Camplyobacter jejuni

Front 24

Which viruses infect the intestinal tract of dogs and cats?

Back 24

Canine parvovirus 2
Feline panleukopenia
Coronavirus

Front 25

Which parasites infect the intestines of dogs and cats?

Back 25

toxocara/toxoascaris
hookworm
strongyloides
giardia
coccidia
trichuris vulpis

Front 26

What is the pathogenic mechanism of protein losing enteropathies?

Back 26

excess accumulation of inflammatory cells in epithelium. Epithelium intact--> ulcerations

Front 27

Describe granulomatous (histocytic) ulcerative colitis?

Back 27

boxers < 2yrs old. descending colon and rectum, large macrophages with PAS + granules. Erosion, ulceration, chronic inflammation

Front 28

A dog presented with acute diarrhea. On histo-there was villus atrophy and necrosis with hemorrhagic enteritis.

Back 28

Clostridial gastroenteritis
C. perfringens/C. difficile

Front 29

A zoonotic pathogen that causes non-fatal diarrhea and superficial erosive collitis in dogs.

Back 29

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 30

What age group does leukopenic/enteritic form of CPV-2 infect?

Back 30

>8 weeks old.

Front 31

What are the common signs of CPV-2

Back 31

vomiting, anorexia, pyrexia, dehydration, lethargy, bloody diarrhea

Front 32

A virus causing segmental to diffuse hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with mucoid/bloody intestinal contents and fibrinous serosal exudate.

Back 32

Parvovirus

Front 33

A virus in cats causing cerebellar hypoplasia, dehydration, depression, vomitting, and causes damage to crypt cells.

Back 33

Feline Panleukopenia

Front 34

Where does Coronavirus replicate in the intestinal tract? What does it cause

Back 34

replicates in the cytoplasm of mature enterocytes--> villus atrophy
dilated intestinal loops-watery, yellow/green feces

Front 35

Bacteria that causes diarrhea in foals several months of age that causes both respiratory and gastrointestinal signs

Back 35

Rhodococcus equi

Front 36

Gross lesions include raised craterous ulcerated areas also known as volcano ulcers. Causes pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis and colitis

Back 36

Rhodococcus equi

Front 37

Causes a septicemia shigellosis in young foals

Back 37

Actinobacillus equuli

Front 38

Bacteria associated with intestinal adenomatosis. Characterized by: severe hypoproteinemia, edema weight loss and diarrhea

Back 38

Lawsonia intracellularis

Front 39

Intestinal adenomatosis

Back 39

associated iwth Lawsonia intracellularis- a fata protein-losing enteropathy

Front 40

acute/peractue watery, profuse diarrhea without any blood

Back 40

Colitis X- most likely associated with C. diffcile

Front 41

NSAIDs- assoicated enterocolitis

Back 41

ulcerative stomatitis, gastritis, enteritis, ulcerative colitis, renal papillary necrosis. Ischemic lesions.
Related to the inhibition of Prostaglandin E.

Front 42

Blister beetle intoxication causes what type of intestinal lesion in horses

Back 42

anterior enteritis (aka: Proximal Jejunitis)

Front 43

Potomac horse fever is caused by which organism

Back 43

equine monocytic ehrilichosis

Front 44

Salmonellosis in ruminants affects what age group

Back 44

> 2-4 weeks, any after that

Front 45

What are the common signs of salmonellosis in cattle?

Back 45

enteropathic, invasive, septicemia
hemorrhagic or fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis

Front 46

What age group do we see effected by C. perfringens in cattle?

Back 46

hemorrhagic enteritis in calves up to 3 weeks old

Front 47

Adult cow with chronic diarrhea and wasting most likely is infected with what disease?

What are some DDX?

Back 47

Johne's Disease- mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

Ddx: Intestinal parasites , Salmonella, BVD, malnutrition, neoplasia

Front 48

Describe the pathogenesis of Mucosal Disease

Back 48

Calf survives NCP infection prior to 125 days of gestation may become immune tolerant and develop a persistent CP infection.

Front 49

What are the signs associated with Mucosal Disease

Back 49

erosions and ulcerations of mouth, tongue, esophagus, abomasum, cecum/colon.
swollen peyer's patches
necrohemorrhagic +/- diptheritic membranes

Front 50

What usually happens to a calf in-utero when there is a trans-placental infection of BVD between 50-100 days of gestation?

Back 50

If a transplacental infection of BVD occurs between day 50-100 the calf is usually aborted/mummified

Front 51

What usually happens to a calf in-utero when there is a transplacental infection of BVD between day 100-150

Back 51

Congenital defects- brain
May become immunotolerant--> persistent infection--> carriers

Front 52

Winter dystentery is caused by which virus

Back 52

coronavirus

Front 53

what age group is affected by winter dysentery?

Back 53

juvenille to adults

Front 54

What lesions are associated with Winter Dysentery?

Back 54

colonic surface and crypt epithelium damage

Front 55

What are some ddx for winter dysentery?

Back 55

salmonellosis, coccidiosus, bovine adenovirus enteritis, BVD

Front 56

What sort of lesions are caused by Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

Back 56

lymphoproliferation, vasculitis, erosive to ulcerative mucosal lesions.

Front 57

What age group do we see coccidiosis in cattle?

Back 57

Calves greater than several months

Front 58

Describe the pathogensis of gut edema in pigs

Back 58

toxin mediated endothelial injury-->increased vascular permeability

Front 59

What causes Gut edema in weaned (growers/feeders) pigs?

Back 59

E. coli- enterotoxigenic
Shigatoxin

Front 60

Enterocolitis and
septicemia/endotoxemia gross lesions:

Back 60

cyanotic- blue discoloration
gangrene of ears--> capillary dilation, congestion, renal cortical pallor, medullary congestion, serosal hemorrhagic, gastric venous infarction.

Front 61

Button ulcers in pigs

Back 61

Salmonella
Ddx: Hog Cholera (classic swine fever)

Front 62

There are 4 distinct histomorphologic syndromes of Lawsonia intracellularis.

Back 62

Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis
Necrotic Enteritis
Regional Ileitis
Proliferative Hemorrhagic Enteropathy

Front 63

What age group is infected with L. intracellularis (PIA0

Back 63

young growing pigs

Front 64

Lawsonia intracellularis infection that causes expansion, elongation, branching of crypts

Back 64

Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis

Front 65

Progression of lawsonia intracellularis from porcine intestinal adenomatosis to_______________________.

Back 65

necrotic enteritis

Front 66

Progression of L. intracellularis from necrotic enteritis to ______________.

Back 66

Regional illeitis

Front 67

What are signs typical of regional illeitis caused by Lawsonia intracellularis?

Back 67

thickened intestine--> hosepipe gut--> strictures

Front 68

Progression of L. intracellularis from regional illeitis to ____________.

Back 68

proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy (PHE)

Front 69

in what age group do we see proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs.

Back 69

>4 mo

Front 70

Swine dysentery causes what type of colitis?

Back 70

fibrinonecrotizing pseudomebranous colitis

Front 71

What age group is affected by C. difficile in pigs?

Back 71

neonatal pigs-edema of mesocolon

Front 72

transmissible gastroenteritis is caused by which pathogen infecting pigs/

Back 72

Porcine coronavirus

Front 73

What age group is infected by TGE?

Back 73

Less than 10 days old.

Front 74

What lesions does porcine coronavirus cause?

Back 74

highly contagious disease causing destruction of villi, loss of intestinal surface area, malabsorptive diarrhea, vomitting, profuse watery diarrhea, rapid weight loss.

Front 75

what age group is infected by Isospora suis?

Back 75

5-15 days old

Front 76

What are ddx of chronic diarrhea in adult cows?

Back 76

1. Johne's Disease
2. BVD
3. Salmonellosis
4. Intestinal parasites
5. malnutrition, neoplasia

Front 77

What are the ddx for diarrhea in young piglets?

Back 77

TGE
Rotavirus
Isospora spp
Clostridium perfringens type C
C. difficile
Salmonella

Front 78

Ddx for hemorrhagic enteritis in pigs:

Back 78

C. perfringens type C
Swine Dysentery
E. coli (PW bacciolocolitis)
Acute enteric salmonellosis
Lawsonia intracellularis (PHE)

Front 79

Tumors derived from interstial cells of Kajol?

Back 79

GIST- gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Front 80

Intestinal lymphoma is seen in what species?

Back 80

mainly cats

Front 81

What cell type does intestinal lymphoma originate from most of the time?

Back 81

B cells

Front 82

What is a plasmacytoma?

Back 82

benign neoplasm in older dogs of B cell origin, most commonly in rectum or ileocecal-colic junction

Front 83

Carcinoid is a

Back 83

neuroendocrine tumor

Front 84

carcinoids are characterized as being:

Back 84

rare malignant, slow growing tumors of old dogs.