Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A pituitary cyst is caused by failure of the oropharyngeal ectoderm of Rathke's pouch to differentiate into trophic hormone secreting cells. This lack of differentiation may lead to what disorder?
|
pituarity dwarfism aka juvenille panhypopituitarism.
This disease is common in German Shepherds |
|
|
Hirsutism in horses is caused by
|
pituitary adenoma on the adenohypophysis of the pars intermedia
|
|
|
Clinical signs of hirsutism include:
|
pu/pd, polyphagia, muscle weakness, intermittent fever, hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating)
|
|
|
A disease of the neurohypophysis that causes hypotonic urine and PD
|
Diabetes insipidus
|
|
|
Hypophyseal and Nephrogenic forms of Diabetes insipidus can be differentiated by
|
administration of ADH, If Hypophyseal we will see production of normal urine with exogenous ADH.
|
|
|
What is the pathogenesis behind hypophyseal diabetes insipidus?
|
lesion that interferes with ADH synthesis or secretion due to compression and destruction of the pars nervosa
|
|
|
Nephrogenic form of diabetes insipidious is characterized by
|
inability of kidney cells to respond to physiological levels of ADH.
|
|
|
Hypoadrenocorticism is known as
|
Addison's disease
|
|
|
what is characteristic of addison's disease
|
lack of mineralcorticoids leads to electrolyte imbalance--> hyperkalemia
Lack of glucocorticoids---> hypoglycemia skin hyperpigmentation |
|
|
What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrom?
|
rare but fatal adrenocortical hemorrhage caused by Actinobacillus equuli- necrosuppurative adrenalitis
|
|
|
Hyperadrenocorticism is known as
|
Cushings disease
|
|
|
What are causes of cortisol excess?
|
cortical adenoma/carcinoma, corticotroph adenoma, adenohypophysis, idiopathic cortical hyperplasia, iatrogenic, ectopic ACTH secretion
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of Cushing's disease?
|
functional corticotrophic pituitary adenoma
|
|
|
Clinical signs of Cushings disease include:
|
PU/PD due to interference of ADH release, polyphagia, redistribution of fat to abdomen region--> obesity, sway back, alopecia, pendulous abdomen (hepatomegaly, muscle wasting)
|
|
|
What is calcinosis cutis and what disease is commonly associated with it
|
Calcinosis cutis is mineralization by Ca2+ of the skin and is seen in 30% of Cushnoid patients
|
|
|
Immunosuppression in a common result of Cushing's disease. How does hyperadrenocortism affect the immune system.
|
Increase cortisol levels lead to reduction of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of migration, promotion of apoptosis in leukocytes, and inhibition of fibroblast proliferation (wound healing)
|
|
|
Hypertension is a rare sign of Cushings, but does occur. What is the mechanism behind it?
|
prossible reduction in the synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins and increased secretion of aldosterone
|
|
|
How can you dx an adrenal carcinoma?
|
proliferative lesion close to the kidney (may metatasize too kidney and become difficult to differentiate) but adrenal carcinomas typically invade renal veins and caudal vena cava
|
|
|
Pheochromocytomas originate from
|
the adrenal medulla
|
|
|
What are clinical signs of hypothyroidism
|
lethargy, weight gain, heat-seeking, low libido, infertility, abortion, anestrus, non-pruritic bilateral alopecia, hyperpigmentation of pressure points, Myxedema- tragic facial expression, periodic grumpiness, obesity, rarely cornonary atherosclerosis
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in dogs?
|
lymphocytic (immune mediated) thyroiditis
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in goats
|
congenital goiter
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in cows
|
congenital iodine deficiency
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism is most commonly seen in
|
cats
|
|
|
Hyperthyroidism is seen when
|
bilateral nodular hyperplasia of thyroid, thyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma
|
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism is a result of
|
lymphocytic parathyroiditis or accidental removal of parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
|
|
|
What are the clinical signs associated hypoparathyroidism
|
increased neuromuscular excitability, tremors and tetany.
Will see hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia |
|
|
What is primary hyperparathyroidism
|
parathyroid denomas and carcinomas may secrete increased amounts of PTH
|
|
|
What is secondary hyperparathyroidism
|
dietary problems = low Ca2+, high P diets or renal disease in dogs
|
|
|
Give two disorders that cause coronary atherosclerosis-
|
1. hypothyroidism
2. diabetes mellitus |
|
|
What pancreatic changes are associated with diabetes mellitus
|
vacoular degeneration of pancreatic islets. hydropic degneration with glycogen accumulation in beta cells
|
|
|
Complications of diabetes include:
|
cardiovascular disase
nephropathy cataracts retinopathy |
|
|
In what species/age group is diabetes most prevelant
|
dogs, female, mature
|
