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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define Pathology
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The study of derangement of molecules, cells, tissues and functions occuring in living organisms in response to injurious agents and deprivations
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Define Disease
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An abnormal body process with a characterists set of signs/symptoms that may affect the whole body, or just its parts.
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Define Etiology
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The study of causes of disease.
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Define Pathogenesis
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The mechanism of a disease (step by step development). How a disease occured
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Define Signs/symptoms
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We only use signs in veterinary medicine. It is an abnormality indicative of a disease.
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Define Lesion
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An abnormality or "hurting" It can be a morphological or functional change (or both)
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Define Differential Diagnosis
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Two or more diseases with similar signs
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Define Diagnosis
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Identification of disease
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Define Prognosis
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Prediction of outcome of disease
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Define Pathognomonic
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A characteristic that is indicative of a specific disease.
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Define Pathogenicity
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The ability to cause disease
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Define Biposy
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Removing tissue from living patients for diagnostic histopathological examination.
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Define Zoonosis
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Disease transmissble from animal to man
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Define Injury
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This refers to the damage or pathological alterations in molecules and structure that can occur in cells and extracellular components or tissue
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An example of adaptation in response to physiologic stress
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Hypertrophy
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An example of reversable injury in response to physiologic stress
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Ischemia
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An example of irreverible injury in response to physiologic stress
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Cell death, ischemic coagulative necrosis
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T or F removal of stress/injury from an adaptivly hypertrophic cell will result in normal cell functions
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True. Adaptive hypertrophy is reversible
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Define apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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Name 3 examples of cell injury
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Hypoxia/hypoxemia, trauma, thermal induced skin necrosis, drug toxicity, infectious agents, immunilogic response, genetic defect, nutritional imbalance
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T or F - hydropic degeneration is reversable
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True. (hydropic degeneration is cell swelling)
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What causes hydropic degeneration?
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Loss of ATP (can be due to hypoxia
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How does chromatin clumping occur?
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Increased anerobic glycolysis leads to increased lactic acid accumulation, and decreased cellular pH. Reduced pH cauases chromatin to clump
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T or F Lipidosis is a reversible change?
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True
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What is accumulation of lipid, in lipidosis, due to?
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Lipid accumulation is due to decreased synthesis of carrier apoprotein
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In dealing with necrosis, if you have sound architecture with loss of function, how is it classified?
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Coagulative (aka coagulation)necrosis
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What is a common cause of coagulative necrosis
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Ischemia is a common cause
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When there is an abcess present on/in a patient, what type of WBC's are involved?
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Neutrophils
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With purulent inflammation, what type of necrosis do you observe?
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Liquefactive necrosis
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What does superoxide dismutase do?
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It will catalyze the breakdown of superoxide into H2O2 & O2
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What is the purpose of glutathione peroxidase?
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It aides in the conversion of hydroxyl free radicals to H2O
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Catalase works in the conversion of what?
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It catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 into H2O and O2.
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Pathologic induction of apoptosis consists of what 4 examples in our notes?
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Can be endotoxin, corticosteriod, lentiviral, or tumor necrosis factor induced
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What signals/factors promote apoptosis?
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Oncogene and tumor suppresing gene products (such as bax/bad)
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Factors that inhibit apoptosis
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Bcl-2, Bcl-xL
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name 2 anti cancer drugs that will up-regulate the secondary cell signals to induce apoptosis?
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Cyclophophamide and Doxorubicin
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how long does rigor mortis generally last?
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72 hours
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Hypoxia will always cause what type of necrosis?
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Coagulative
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Abiotrophy
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Progressive loss of tissue vitality -> loss of function; applied to degenerative hereditary diseases of late onset. Seen in CALVES
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Hypertrophy
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Increase in cell size
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Hyperplasia
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Increase in cell number
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Dystrophic calcification
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Normal serum calcium levels, with calcium salt deposits in dying/diseased tissue
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Metastatic calcification
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Abnormal serum calcium levels and deposition in "normal" tissue
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Primary amyloidosis is composed of what type of immunoglobulin light chains?
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Amyloid AL
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Secondary amyloidosis is also known as what?
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Reactive systemic amyloidisis
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Secondary amyloidosis uses what kind of protein?
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SAA - serum amyloid associated.
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Sago spleen
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Amyloid accumulation in the splenic follicles
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Lardaceous Spleen
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Amyloid accumulation in the splenic sinuses
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Where does amyloid accumulate in the liver
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Space of Disse
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In the pancreas, where does amyloid accumulate?
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Islets and can cause diabetes in cats
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Where does amyloid accumulate in the heart?
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Coronary arteries
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Anasarca
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Generalized edema of the subcutis
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Congestion
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Refers to the passive process of a decrease venous outflow of blood
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Hyperemia
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Can refer to the passive process of decreased venous outflow of bloof, OR active arteriolar dilation where there is an increase in blood to an area
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