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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromatolysis
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the dissolution ir disintegration of chromophil material, such as chromatin, within a cell
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Cholesteatomas
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Firm nodules with cholesterol crystals and granulomatous inflammatory tissues; often seen in old horses; may block the flow of CSF
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Organogenesis
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the formation and development of the organs of living things
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Microencephaly
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condition of having an abnormally small brain
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Myeloschisis
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cleft spinal cord resulting from failure of the neural folds to close normally in the formation of the neural tube; post neural tube failure; "schisis" means cleft
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Arthrogryposis
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permanent fixation of a joint in contracted position; can be caused by rpegnant cow ingesting plants such as hemlock or lupine
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Gitter cells
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an enlarged phagocytic cell of microglial origin having the cytoplasm distended with lipid granules and being charactersitic of some organic brain lesions
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Astrogliosis
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hypertrophy of the astroglia, usually in response to injury; astroglia are also known as astrocytes, and are neuroglial cells with fibrous or protoplasmic processes
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Astrocytosis
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anabnormal increase in the number of astrocytes due to the destruction of nearby neurons, typically becaus eof hypoglycemia or oxygen deprivation
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Polydiculoneuritis
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inflammation of many nerve roots and peripheral nerves
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Polymyositis
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inflammation of several voluntary muscles simultaneously
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Hydrocephalus
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increased accumulation of CSF either solely in the ventricular system (noncommunicating) of within the ventricular and the subarachnoid space (communicating); ono-communicating is more common
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Acquired non-communicating hydrocephalus
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obstruction of lateral apertures of fourth ventricles, the mesencephalic aqueduct, or the interventricular foramen
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Communicating hydrocephalus
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results from obstructions which prevent the outflow of CSF int the dural venous system through the arachnoid villi
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Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
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increase in size of lateral ventricles due to absence or loss of cerebral tissue as seen in hydranencephaly
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Lissencepaly
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the condition of having a smooth cerebrum without convolutions; flattened gyri
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Anencephaly
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absence of brain; affects the anterior part of the brain while the brain stem in intact (aka prosencephailc hypoplasia)
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Hydranenchphaly
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cavitation in white matter area of cerebral hemispheres; so white matter will br atrophied or shrunken and the gray matter on the exterior of the brain may be intact
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Porencephaly
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used to refer to systic development in the white matter of cerebrum
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Cranium bifida
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midline cranial defect through which meningial and brain tissue may protrude
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Spina Bifida
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a defect in the spinal column characterized by: no herniation through the dorsal spinal column, herniation of the meninges, herniation of meninges and spinal cord; so it has several forms; there may be NO herniation of the cord or meninges, it may just be a herniation of the meninges, or of BOTH meninges and spinal cord
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Syringomyelia
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tubular cavitation of spinal cord other than the central canal and extend oer many segments; cavitation may communicate with the central canal and may contain fluid and is unlined; basically an extra cavity in the spinal cord; equivilant to hydraencephaly in the brain.
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Hydromyelia
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dilation of the central canal with fluid
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Dysraphia
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abnormal seam referring to a defective closure of the neural tube during development; "raphe" = seam
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Concussion
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temporary loss of conciousness with recovery; not usually in animal with non-fatal blow
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Contusion
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an injury in which the skin is not broken; a bruise
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Coup Contursion
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lesion located at the impact side
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Contrecoup contusion
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lesion located at the opposite side of the brain
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Coup-contrecoup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on IMPACT side is more seious
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Contrecoup-coup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on OPPOSITE side is more seious
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Brain swelling
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unregulated vasodilation following trauma
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Anencephaly
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absence of brain; affects the anterior part of the brain while the brain stem in intact (aka prosencephailc hypoplasia)
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Hydranenchphaly
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cavitation in white matter area of cerebral hemispheres; so white matter will br atrophied or shrunken and the gray matter on the exterior of the brain may be intact
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Porencephaly
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used to refer to systic development in the white matter of cerebrum
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Cranium bifida
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midline cranial defect through which meningial and brain tissue may protrude
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Spina Bifida
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a defect in the spinal column characterized by: no herniation through the dorsal spinal column, herniation of the meninges, herniation of meninges and spinal cord; so it has several forms; there may be NO herniation of the cord or meninges, it may just be a herniation of the meninges, or of BOTH meninges and spinal cord
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Syringomyelia
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tubular cavitation of spinal cord other than the central canal and extend oer many segments; cavitation may communicate with the central canal and may contain fluid and is unlined; basically an extra cavity in the spinal cord; equivilant to hydraencephaly in the brain.
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Hydromyelia
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dilation of the central canal with fluid
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Dysraphia
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abnormal seam referring to a defective closure of the neural tube during development; "raphe" = seam
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Concussion
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temporary loss of conciousness with recovery; not usually in animal with non-fatal blow
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Contusion
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an injury in which the skin is not broken; a bruise
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Coup Contursion
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lesion located at the impact side
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Contrecoup contusion
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lesion located at the opposite side of the brain
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Coup-contrecoup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on IMPACT side is more seious
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Contrecoup-coup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on OPPOSITE side is more seious
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Brain swelling
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unregulated vasodilation following trauma
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Anencephaly
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absence of brain; affects the anterior part of the brain while the brain stem in intact (aka prosencephailc hypoplasia)
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Hydranenchphaly
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cavitation in white matter area of cerebral hemispheres; so white matter will br atrophied or shrunken and the gray matter on the exterior of the brain may be intact
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Porencephaly
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used to refer to systic development in the white matter of cerebrum
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Cranium bifida
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midline cranial defect through which meningial and brain tissue may protrude
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Spina Bifida
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a defect in the spinal column characterized by: no herniation through the dorsal spinal column, herniation of the meninges, herniation of meninges and spinal cord; so it has several forms; there may be NO herniation of the cord or meninges, it may just be a herniation of the meninges, or of BOTH meninges and spinal cord
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Syringomyelia
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tubular cavitation of spinal cord other than the central canal and extend oer many segments; cavitation may communicate with the central canal and may contain fluid and is unlined; basically an extra cavity in the spinal cord; equivilant to hydraencephaly in the brain.
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Hydromyelia
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dilation of the central canal with fluid
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Dysraphia
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abnormal seam referring to a defective closure of the neural tube during development; "raphe" = seam
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Concussion
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temporary loss of conciousness with recovery; not usually in animal with non-fatal blow
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Contusion
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an injury in which the skin is not broken; a bruise
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Coup Contursion
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lesion located at the impact side
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Contrecoup contusion
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lesion located at the opposite side of the brain
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Coup-contrecoup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on IMPACT side is more seious
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Contrecoup-coup contusion
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lesion on both the impact side and opposite side of the brain; lesion on OPPOSITE side is more seious
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Brain swelling
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unregulated vasodilation following trauma
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Vasogenic ceebral edema
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increased extracellular fluid from increased vascular permeabilitydue to breakdown of the blood brain barrier
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Cytotoxic cerebral edema
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increased intracellular fluid with blood
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Infarction
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necrosis of tissue due to obstruction of blood supply yo the part
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Arteriosclerosis
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increased arterial hardening; a chronic disease in which thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation. It develops with aging, and in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions
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Athersclerosis
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a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the deposition of astheromatous plaques containing cholesterol and lipids on the innermost layer of the walls of large and nmedium sized arteries
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Non-lipid arteriosclerosis
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arterial fibrosis, mineralization, and amyloidosis
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Bone
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a specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular componants are mineralized
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Compact bone (cortical)
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forms dense walls of the diaphysis; has a high density and is composed of concentric layers of bone tissue with a channel in the center
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Haversian system
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channel in the center of compact bone carrying blood vessels, lymph vessel;s, and nerves longitudinally
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Cancellous (trabecular) bone
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constitutes the spongy bone of the medularry cavity; formed by a 3-D l;attice of interlacing spicules or trabeculae; spaces between spicules contain the bone marrow.
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Woven bone
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immature bone present in the fetal development or early stages of bone repair; collagen fibers are randomly distributed and have crisscross pattern
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Lamellar bone
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mature bone present in normal adult stages; collagen fibers are perfectly arranged in a parallel pattern
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Osteoblasts
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derived from bone marrow stromal cells, main function is to produce protein called osteoid (bone matrix)
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Osteocytes
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reside inside the bone lacunae and are actively involved in mineral reabsorption
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Osteoclasts
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multinucleated cells derived from hepatopoitic progenitor cells; actively involved in the resorption (lysis) of bone
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Intramembranous (appositional) ossification
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growth in width; primarily in flat bones and along periosteal surfaces of bones
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Endochondral ossification
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responsible for the longitudinal growth of long bones and other bones with growth plates; growth cartilage is subsequently replaced by bone.
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Osteopenia
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denotes the loss of skeletal mass or "too little bone" reguardless of weather remaining bone has normal composition or not.
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Chondrodysplasia (chondrodystrophiafetalis)
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defective endochondral ossification that results in disproportionate dwarfism; appositional growth is normal although endochondral growth is impaired; examples where chondrodystrophoid characteristicts have been bred for are dog breeds like basset hounds, dauchunds, ets.
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Osteoperosis
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inherited disease in which defective osteoclasts fail to reabsorb and remodel the fetal bone; causes increased bone density with concurrent reduction of medullary spaces
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Congenital cortical hyperostosis of pigs
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affects long bones and is characterized by exaggerated periosteal bone growth; piglets often born dead or die shortly after birth; legs abnormally thickened.
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Hyperostosis
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excessive or abnormal thickening or growth of bone tissue; whole length of bone, EXCLUDING joints, in involved in new bone development
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Enostosis
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new bone inside marrow cavity
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Exostosis
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focal area of new bone growth no outside of bone
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