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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common reason for poor nutrition? |
-no teeth |
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Innervation of the stomach |
-vagus N -celiac plexus |
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What is the primary job of the large intestine? |
-absorbing water |
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How long is food in the large intestine? |
-12 hours |
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Signs of GI Disease |
-vomitting -diarrhea -anorexia -constipation -dysphagia -heartburn |
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Types of Abdominal Pain |
Mechanical - stretching Inflammatory - release of chemicals Ischemic - poor blood flow |
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Signs of GI bleed |
Hematemesis - vomitting blood Melena - black stools Hematochezia - bleeding from rectum |
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Causes of GI bleed |
-ulcers, gastritis (from NSAIDS), alcoholism |
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Important to remember for patient with hiatal hernia? |
-elevate the head of the bed |
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
-starts 30-60 mins after eating -worst when lying down -better when standing |
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Phase 1 of GERD Therapy |
-avoid high fat meals -stay upright for 2 hours after eating -no smoking |
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Phase 2 and 3 of GERD Therapy |
-take histamine 2 receptor antagonist 3 - take higher dose |
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Phase 4 of GERD Therapy |
-take proton pump inhibitors |
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Causes of Gastritis |
-NSAIDS -alcohol -stress -trauma |
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Peptic Ulcer |
Signs - pain at xiphoid and T6-T10 Causes - H. pylori infection, NSAIDS |
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How does bleeding develop? |
-ulcers extend into the muscularis mucosae |
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Primary goals of Peptic Ulcer treatment |
-relieve symptoms -promote healing -prevent complications and reocurrances |
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Malabsorption Syndrome |
ex. celiac, cystic fibrosis, crohn's disease -impaired digestion and absorption because of GI abnormalities |
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Celiac Disease |
-caused by an autoimmune response that damages villi Signs - weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal distention, anemia |
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Treatment of Malabsorption Disease |
-determine cause -replace enzymes -avoid gluten |
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Appendicitis |
-inflammed appendix because blockage |
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Symptoms of Appendicitis |
-anorexia -nausea -pain at McBurneys point (halfway between umbilicus and iliac crest) |
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Peritonitis |
-caused by peptic ulcers, appendicitis Signs - severe abdominal pain and distention, tachycardia, nausea, vomitting |
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Crohn's Disease |
-non specific inflammation of GI -most likely autoimmune -affects all layers of GI Signs - abdominal pain, diarrhea, may have arthritis |
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Ulcerative Colitis |
-inflammation of colon and rectum -forms abscesses Signs - diarrhea, bleeding |
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What diagnosis should be avoided when suspected of ulcerative colitis? |
-colonoscopy -barium enema |
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Diverticulosis vs Diverticulitis |
osis - sac outpouching of sigmoid colon itis - inflammation of the sac Manifestations - palpate mass in LLQ |
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Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Symptoms |
-rectal bleeding -anemia -change in bowel -abdominal pain |
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L vs R side Colon Cancer signs |
L - gas, bleeding, flat or pencil stools R - dull pain, dark red stool, mucous discharge |
