Pathology Exam 1

Front 1

The most serious consequence of third degree burns over 50% of the body would be:

Back 1

electrolyte imbalance

Front 2

If squamous epithelium replaces the transitional epithelium lining of the bladder, it would be an example of :

Back 2

squamous metaplasia

Front 3

Cellular adaptation includes:

Back 3

Hypertrophy, metaplasia, hyperplasia.

Front 4

An increase in the size of cells is referred to as:

Back 4

Hypertrophy.

Front 5

All of the following represent some degree of failure of normal organ development:

Back 5

Agenesis; aplasia, hypoplasia

Front 6

The histological estimation of the degree of malignancy based on the degree of cellular differentiation of a tumor is known as:

Back 6

Grading

Front 7

Which tissue is most sensitive to radiation injury?

Back 7

bone marrow

Front 8

The effect of excessive stretching and tearing of tissues is called:

Back 8

Laceration

Front 9

A knife would produce which type of wound?

Back 9

Incision.

Front 10

A malignant neoplasm is:

Back 10

lymphoma

Front 11

Benign tumors are:

Back 11

Slow growing, usually grow by expansion and compression of surrounding tissues to form
capsules. Attain a high degree of structural differentiation, closely resemble their tissue of origin.

Front 12

An appropriate name for a benign tumor of epithelial origin which forms cystic spaces and glandular structures:

Back 12

Cystadenoma

Front 13

E-coli, when confined to the GI tract is an example of which type of relationship:

Back 13

Symbiotic

Front 14

These areas are not considered sterile under normal conditions:

Back 14

Skin surface, vagina, throat, colon.

Front 15

A portal of entry for pathological organisms is the:

Back 15

Anus

Front 16

Abnormally high potassium concentration in the intravascular fluid is called:

Back 16

Hyperkalemia

Front 17

The total body water comprises approximately 60% of total body weight in a man of average build.
The majority of this water is present as:

Back 17

Intracellular fluid

Front 18

A disease associated with protein deficiency but adequate caloric intake:

Back 18

Kwashiorkor

Front 19

Which cations has the greatest concentration in the intravascular fluid?

Back 19

Sodium (osmotic pressure)

Front 20

A likely cause of metabolic acidosis

Back 20

protrated vomiting

Front 21

A patient with respiratory alkalosis would tend to compensate his acid-base imbalance by :

Back 21

Lower CO2

Front 22

A collection of pus w/in an organ or tissue would be best described as:

Back 22

An empyema.

Front 23

In the inflammatory response, the signs of redness (rubor) and heat (calor) follow:

Back 23

Vasodilation with hyperemia.

Front 24

Gangrenous inflammation is usually caused by:

Back 24

Bacterial infection.

Front 25

Which class of drugs directly inhibits mast cell function?

Back 25

Antihistimines.

Front 26

During wound healing, the formation of blood clots:

Back 26

Protects the open wound against invasion by bacteria.

Front 27

During wound repair, excessive production of collagen will result in:

Back 27

Keloid formation

Front 28

This cell has regenerative capacity:

Back 28

Cells lining the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 29

Pinpoint hemorrhage in the skin measuring <1mm in maximum diameter:

Back 29

Petechia

Front 30

Blood in feces that is partially digested:

Back 30

Melena

Front 31

The system which contains the clotting process to the vicinity of vascular injury and degrades the
clot after the vascular damage is repaired is the:

Back 31

Hemostasis=coagulation, fibrinolysis

Front 32

A thromboembolus in the pulmonary artery probably had its origin in the:

Back 32

Deep leg veins

Front 33

Which of the following contributes to hemostasis?

Back 33

Endothelial cells, vascular constriction, platelets, coagulation systems

Front 34

An anemic (white) infarct would be likely encountered in:

Back 34

Lung, heart. (tissues that have single blood supply w/o significant anastomoses)

Front 35

The lymphoreticular system includes:

Back 35

Spleen, lymph nodes, thymus

Front 36

Cellular immunity is mediated by:

Back 36

T-lymphocytes

Front 37

Antibodies are proteins produced by a:

Back 37

Plasma cell.

Front 38

Types of acute inflammation include:

Back 38

Catarrhal: watery or mucoid- runny nose
Serous: exudate derived from serum or mesothelial cells (blister)
Fibrinous: shaggy fibrin strands- bread and butter pericarditis
Hemorraghic: virulent infections- meningococcal septicemia
Suppurative: (purulent) pus caused by bacteria- furuncles, carbuncles
Abscess- localized collection of pus w/liquefaction necrosis
Empyema- localized collection of pus in pleural cavity

Front 39

Coagulation necrosis is most closely associated with:

Back 39

Tissue anoxia

Front 40

Pulmonary thromboemboli most frequently originate from:

Back 40

Deep leg veins.

Front 41

Rejection of organ transplant s is primarily due to:

Back 41

Cell-mediated immune response. (antigens provoke t-lymph)

Front 42

Granulomatous inflammation would be most characteristic of the host response to:

Back 42

Fungal infection

Front 43

Viruses should be considered:

Back 43

Obligate intracellular parasites

Front 44

The presence of a Barr body in the nucleus of a cell indicates:

Back 44

More than one x chromosome

Front 45

The skin test for TB is based on the phenomena of:

Back 45

Delayed hypersensitivity (Type 4)

Front 46

The most injurious radiation to tissue is:

Back 46

Ionizing radiation

Front 47

Autolysis is produced by:

Back 47

Endogenous cellular enzymes.

Front 48

Least likely to lead to systemic edema:

Back 48

lymphatic obstruction

Front 49

The multinucleated giant cells frequently seen in granulomatous inflammatory reactions originate from:

Back 49

Cytoplasm fusion of epithelioid cells.

Front 50

Loss of orderly epithelial maturation is most characteristic of :

Back 50

Dysplasia; dysplasia may be reversible, but can progress to neoplasia.

Front 51

The death most likely to be investigated by the Medical Examiner is:

Back 51

Fatal reaction to radiological dye used for intravenous pyelograms

Front 52

The most common collagen vascular disease is:

Back 52

Rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 53

Autosomal recessive inheritance includes:

Back 53

The vast majority of affected persons are the offspring of parents that appear unaffected. In a family with one affected child born to unaffected parents, there is a 1:4 risk that the next child will also be affected.

Front 54

Angioneogenesis refers to:

Back 54

Ingrowth of new blood vessels into a growing tumor.

Front 55

The first cells to aggregate at the site of tissue injury usually are:

Back 55

Neutrophils.

Front 56

The following agent acts directly on hemoglobin to inhibit oxygen binding:

Back 56

Carbon monoxide

Front 57

This condition is least likely in a patient with severe pancreatic insufficiency:

Back 57

Scurvy

Front 58

Chronic congestion of a tissue will lead to:

Back 58

Fibrosis (liver, lungs, spleen)

Front 59

The first morphological sign of cell injury is:

Back 59

Cellular swelling.

Front 60

What is a neoplasm composed of all three germ cell layers?

Back 60

Teratoma; may be malignant or benign

Front 61

This cell type is the most responsible for the production of endogenous pyrogens:

Back 61

Macrophage

Front 62

This condition does not favor the development of thrombosis:

Back 62

Thrombocytopenia.(reduction in platelets)

Front 63

Granulation of tissue is associated with:

Back 63

Uncomplicated healing of the wound by first and second intention.

Front 64

The presence of lipofuscin pigment is most likely associated with:

Back 64

Atrophy;

Front 65

Radiation is thought to induce neoplasm by:

Back 65

Interacting with DNA to produce somatic mutations.

Front 66

The minimal lethal dose of whole body irradiation results in injury to:

Back 66

Bone Marrow

Front 67

Fatal cases of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus most commonly affect the: (organ):

Back 67

Kidneys

Front 68

Males with Down’s syndrome are most likely have the following karyotype:

Back 68

47, XY, +21

Front 69

A naturally occurring genetic segment which protects the cell against neoplastic transformation would be referred to as an:

Back 69

Anti-oncogen

Front 70

In the presence of acute inflammation, fluid exudation and leukocyte integration occur predominantly from:

Back 70

Venules

Front 71

Acute or chronic alcoholism has been implicated in:

Back 71

Cardiomyopathogen, gastritis, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy

Front 72

These are seen in Kwashiorkor’s but not marasmus:

Back 72

Edema and fatty liver

Front 73

Under most circumstances, pitting edema of the lower legs is an indication of:

Back 73

venous congestion

Front 74

Renal infarcts are most likely to show which pattern of necrosis:

Back 74

Coagulation Necrosis

Front 75

Which of the following autoimmune diseases is listed with the correct associated antibody:

Back 75

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris: anti-prickle-cell desmosome antibody
Pernicious anemia: anti-intrinsic factor antibody
Primary biliary cirrhosis- anti mitochondrial antibody

Front 76

Which clinical stage of carcinoma carries the poorest prognosis:

Back 76

T4 N2 M1

Front 77

Pulmonary emboli originate from the following sites:

Back 77

Deep leg veins, Inferior vena cava, Pelvic vein, right atrial appendage.

Front 78

Resulting metabolic rate is affected by:

Back 78

Diet and exercise.

Front 79

This feature is most characteristic of necrotic tissue:

Back 79

Loss of cell nuclei.

Front 80

Which karyotype is least likely to result in live birth:

Back 80

45,xy, -21

Front 81

Characteristically, rheumatoid factor is this class of antibody:

Back 81

IgM

Front 82

With autosomal dominance, this inheritance pattern occurs:

Back 82

Infected males will transmit the mutant gene on average to half his offspring.

Front 83

The staging of malignant neoplasm is based on the:

Back 83

Extent of the spread.

Front 84

The enzyme responsible for liquefaction necrosis in an abscess are mainly derived from:

Back 84

Neutrophils

Front 85

The tissue that offers the highest resistance to electrical currents is:

Back 85

Skin

Front 86

Which neoplasms produce lymph node metastasis:

Back 86

carcinoma

Front 87

In vivo, the intrinsic coagulation pathway is initiated by:

Back 87

Exposure of sub-endothelial fibrillary collagen.

Front 88

Common manifestations of anoxic cell injury includes:

Back 88

Condensation of nuclear chromatin; decreased intracellular glycogen; dilation of endoplasmic reticulum; lack of lysosome.

Front 89

The redness associated with acute inflammation is the result of:

Back 89

dilation of blood vessels

Front 90

Hyperkeratosis in squamous metaplasia is associated with a deficiency of:

Back 90

vit. A

Front 91

Characteristics present in granulation tissue include:

Back 91

Endothelial cells; Fibroblasts; lymphocytes; Macrophages

Front 92

Cloudy swelling and hydrophobic change are:

Back 92

Reversible forms of cell injury.

Front 93

Autoimmune phenomenon:

Back 93

May be mediated by autosynthesized T-cells, May result from a deficiency of suppressor T-cells.

Front 94

Of the following lab test, this is most consistent with acute inflammation:

Back 94

WBC=18,000 90% PMN 10% Lymphocytes

Front 95

The extent of tissue necrosis resulting from rapid thrombotic occlusion of an artery is most closely related to:

Back 95

Presence of collateral blood supply.

Front 96

Which of the following is a feature of healing by second intention that is not present in healing by first intention:

Back 96

Wound contraction

Front 97

Chronically impaired arterial blood supply to the lower extremities is often associated with:

Back 97

Ischemic atrophy.

Front 98

In the strands of Duplex DNA:

Back 98

The coding strand is the same as the sense strand; the anti-sense strand is the same as the template strand.

Front 99

This injury is characterized by jagged, irregular edges and nerves and vessels bridging the wound:

Back 99

Laceration

Front 100

In progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), the principle pathological process involves:

Back 100

Excessive deposition of normal collagen

Front 101

With Klinefelter’s Syndrome:

Back 101

Post pubertal hypogonadism is a consistent finding; the most frequently associated karyotype is 47, XXY

Front 102

the most important factor in determining the prognosis of a patient with a benign neoplasm is:

Back 102

Location of the neoplasm

Front 103

The protein content of inflammatory exudate is most closely related to the:

Back 103

Degree of vascular permeability

Front 104

A child with clinical findings of cerebral edema, abdominal cramps, anemia, and an increased radiodensity of epiphysis probably has been poisoned with:

Back 104

lead

Front 105

What is a benign neoplasm:

Back 105

Papillary serous cystadenoma of an ovary

Front 106

Turbid yellow fluid is removed from the peritoneal cavity of a 78 yr old woman. It contains fibrinogen, it has high specific gravity. The most likely etiology would be:

Back 106

Peritoneal inflammation.

Front 107

The normal function of vitamin D is:

Back 107

Increased intestinal calcium absorption.

Front 108

The amount of hydroxyproline in a healing wound is indicative of:

Back 108

Amount of collagen present.

Front 109

The most common site of metastasis of malignant soft tissue tumors is:

Back 109

lung

Front 110

During inflammatory response, an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate is usually contributed to:

Back 110

Increase in serum proteins.

Front 111

Diffuse fluffy pulmonary infiltrate is found on a chest x-ray. Aspirated fluid from the right pleural cavity has specific gravity of 1.006. The best explanation of the fluid accumulation is:

Back 111

Increased pulmonary venous pressure.

Front 112

Tissue change most characteristic of blood poisoning is:

Back 112

Intranuclear inclusions in the renal tubules

Front 113

Cell injury from chemically unstable molecules known as free radicals is the major feature of each of the following pathological processes:

Back 113

Bacterial infection, carbon tetrachloride poisoning, irradiation damage, oxygen toxicity.

Front 114

An enlarged tender lymph node draining an area of a suppuration would most likely contain histological features of:

Back 114

Hyperplasia