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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of endothelial cells?
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1. synthetic and metabolic (endothelin, NO, thrombogenic factors etc.)
2. transfer of molecules 3. non-thrombogenic blood-tissue interface |
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What is the function of endothelial cells?
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1. synthetic and metabolic (endothelin, NO, thrombogenic factors etc.)
2. transfer of molecules 3. non-thrombogenic blood-tissue interface |
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What is the function of smooth muscle?
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1. controlvasoconstriction and dilatation
2. produce growth factors and cytokines 3. response to vascular injury |
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What is the function of endothelial cells?
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1. synthetic and metabolic (endothelin, NO, thrombogenic factors etc.)
2. transfer of molecules 3. non-thrombogenic blood-tissue interface |
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What is the function of smooth muscle?
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1. controlvasoconstriction and dilatation
2. produce growth factors and cytokines 3. response to vascular injury |
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Arteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries
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Arteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries
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What is the function of smooth muscle?
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1. controlvasoconstriction and dilatation
2. produce growth factors and cytokines 3. response to vascular injury |
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What are the three forms of arteriosclerosis?
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1. atherosclerosis (most common/important)
2. arteriolosclerosis (HTN) 3. Monckeberg medial sclerosis |
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Arteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries
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What are the three forms of arteriosclerosis?
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1. atherosclerosis (most common/important)
2. arteriolosclerosis (HTN) 3. Monckeberg medial sclerosis |
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What arteries are affected by atherosclerosis?
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1. aorta
2. carotid 3. iliac 4. coronary 5. popliteal |
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What arteries are affected by atherosclerosis?
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1. aorta
2. carotid 3. iliac 4. coronary 5. popliteal |
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What are the three forms of arteriosclerosis?
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1. atherosclerosis (most common/important)
2. arteriolosclerosis (HTN) 3. Monckeberg medial sclerosis |
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What arteries are affected by atherosclerosis?
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1. aorta
2. carotid 3. iliac 4. coronary 5. popliteal |
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Atherosclerosis
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-contributes to half of deaths in Western society
-MI - 20-25% of deaths -considered to by a response to injury of endothelium |
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What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis? (7)
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1. age
2. sex M 3. genetics 4. hyperlipidemia 5. HTN 6. cigarette smoking 7. diabetes |
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Hypertension
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-140/90
-cornary heart disease and CVA -95% idiopathic -renal disease and adrenal disease |
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Malignant Hypertension
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rapidly rising with diastolic over 120mmHg
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Aneurysm
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localized dilatation of the BV or heart wall
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What are the major causes of aortic aneurysms?
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-atherosclerosis - AAA
-cystic medial degeneration -trauma, congenital defects, infections |
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
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caused from atherosclerosis with risk of rupture being related to size and a 50% mortality rate from rupture
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What are the clinical consequences of and AAA?
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-rupture
-obstruction -embolism -compression of the adjacent structures |
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Aortic Dissection
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-dissection of blood into arterial media
-HTN risk factor -due to medial damage -may rupture -sudden onset of sharp pain |
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What is the treatment for aortic dissection?
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antiHTN, surgery, save 65-75% of patients
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Vasculitis
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-inflammation of the vessel walls
-classified by location and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) production |
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How do patients present with vasculitis?
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fever, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise
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ANCA production
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classifies vasculitis (c-ANCA, p-ANCA)
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Giant Cell Arteritis
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*most common vasculitis
-granulomatous inflammation involving arteries of head (temp.) |
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What are symptoms of giant cell arteritis and diagnosis and treatment?
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-older patient, may cause blindness, pain/headache, biopsy required for diagnosis
-treated with anti-inflamm. agents/steroids |
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Takayasu Arteritis
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fibrous thickening or aortic arch and branches with ocular disturbances and weakened pulses (>females)
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What are the side effects of Takayasu Arteritis?
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-lower blood pressure and pulse in upper extremity than lower extremity
-renal artery narrowing by 50%- HTN |
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Wegener's Granulomatosis
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-necrotizing vasculitis causing acute necrotizing granulomas of upper respiratory tract or lung and necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small to medium sized vessels with renal disease, glomerulonephritis
*95% = c-ANCA positive |
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What age and sex is Wegener's granulomatosis?
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40 yo
males |
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What is the clinical presentation of Wegener's Granulomatosis?
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-persistent pneumonitis
-chronic sinusitis -muscosal ulceration -renal disease |
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Varicose Veins
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-dilated superficial veins of upper and lower legs
-secondary to inc. venouspressure: standing, preg., familial tendency -complications: rare, ulcer -esophageal arices -hemorrhoids |
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Thrombophlebitis
Phelebothrombosis |
-thromobosed vein with inflamm. 90% in deep leg
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What are risk factors for thrombophlebitis?
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1. postop state
2. preg. 3. neoplasia 4. cardiac failure 5. prolonged bed rest |
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Deep Vein Thrombosis clinical presentation
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-edema, heat, tenderness, pain with pressure or dorsiflexion of the foot (Homan sign)
-may lead to pulm. embolism |
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What is Homan sign?
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pain with pressure or dorsiflexion of the foot with deep vein thrombosis
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Sup. and Inf. Vena Cava Syndromes
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-caused by compression of the vena cava with obstruction
-cyanosis and venous delatation |
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Lymphangitis
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-group A Beta-hemolytic strep
-subcuaneous red streaks and lymph node enlargement -may lead to septicemia |
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Hemangioma
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-vascular neoplasm, benign, tongue, conj. etc.
-inc. in vessels filled with blood |
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Kaposi's Sarcoma
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-vascular neoplasm in Jewish pop. classic or european that is endemci and trasplant and AIDS assoc.
-25% of AIDS patients with HHV* infection |
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Angiosarcoma
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-vascular neoplasm that is malignant soft and red, often found in heart
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