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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three groups of clotting disorders
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clotting factors
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platelety count during menstruation
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platelets rise at ovulation and fall low at the start of menstruation
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platelet count reference range
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150,000-400,000 (greater than 350,000 is uncommon)
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INR
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international normalized ratio. this is how prothrombin time will be reported.
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thrombin time
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checks factor I activity (fibrinogen)
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prothrombin time
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checks activities of factors i, II, V, VII, and X. (time reported as INR)
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clot retraction
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checks factor I, platelet count, and a particular function (missing in glanzmann's disease)
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urea solubility
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checks factor VIII (8)
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D-dimer
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from broken down clots that have been crosslinked. D dimer is elevated whenever there is intravascular thrombolysis. (whether DIC or big thrombi)
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Mixing studies
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mix pts blood 1/2 and 1/2 with a healthy patient. if teh patient has an antibody against a clotting factor the tests will remain abnormal. if the patient is missing something the tests will become normal
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three groups of clotting disorders
|
clotting factors
|
|
|
platelety count during menstruation
|
platelets rise at ovulation and fall low at the start of menstruation
|
|
|
platelet count reference range
|
150,000-400,000 (greater than 350,000 is uncommon)
|
|
|
INR
|
international normalized ratio. this is how prothrombin time will be reported.
|
|
|
thrombin time
|
checks factor I activity (fibrinogen)
|
|
|
prothrombin time
|
checks activities of factors i, II, V, VII, and X. (time reported as INR)
|
|
|
clot retraction
|
checks factor I, platelet count, and a particular function (missing in glanzmann's disease)
|
|
|
urea solubility
|
checks factor VIII (8)
|
|
|
D-dimer
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from broken down clots that have been crosslinked. D dimer is elevated whenever there is intravascular thrombolysis. (whether DIC or big thrombi)
|
|
|
Mixing studies
|
mix pts blood 1/2 and 1/2 with a healthy patient. if teh patient has an antibody against a clotting factor the tests will remain abnormal. if the patient is missing something the tests will become normal
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CD40 ligand
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platelet protein , up and coming test to show that there is platelet activation in the body. (this pt's chest pain is likely to turn into an infarct)
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thromboelastrography
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blood is rotated in a cup and a sensor sees how fast it clots. best way to check for hypercoagulable blood in trauma patient. Tell who needs clotting factors and who doesnt'.
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increased vascular fragility
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bleeding problems despite normal platelet count,bleeding time. bleeding from fragile vessels with normal platelets and coagulation is seldom serious.
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signs of vascular fragility
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skin bruises, dependent petechiae, gum bleeding (eating, toothbrushing), hematuria, nosebleeds, GI bleeds
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causes of vascular fragility
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1) infections (dengue/hemmoragic fevers, scarlet fever, meningococcemia...)
2) amyloidosis (amyloid proteins abnormally deposited in tissues) 3) collagen problems (ehlers-danlos, cushings, osteogenesis imperfecta) |
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thrombocytopenia
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reduced platelet number.
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platelets
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first line of defense against bleeding, plugging up little holes in capillaries in seconds.
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primary vs secondary hemostasis
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Primary=is the clotting that occurs in seconds in small little holes/capillaries
Secondary= the activation of clotting factors that takes minutes |
