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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Achondroplasia
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A hereditary, congenital disturbance that causes inadequate bone formation and results in a peculiar form of dwarfism.
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Albers-Schönberg disease
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A form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis; a benign skeletal anomaly that involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour.
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Anencephaly
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Congenital absence of the cranial vault.
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Aneurysmal bone cyst
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an idiopathic condition and not a true neoplasm. These cysts generally occur in the metaphysis of long bones in individuals under the age of 20 years and consist of numerous blood-filled arteriovenous communications
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Ankylosing spondylitis
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A form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown cause that affects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone.
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Arthritis
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Inflammation in which lesions are confined to the joints.
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Bursitis
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Inflammation of the bursae of the tendons, with the subdeltoid bursa as the most common site.
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Cancellous bone
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Refers to the spongy, lattice-like structure of bone filled by bone marrow.
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Chondrosarcomas
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A chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin and is composed of atypical cartilage.
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Clubfoot
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Deformity of the foot involving the talus.
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Compact bone
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The outer portion of bone is composed of compact bone,
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Craniosynostosis
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Premature or early closure of the sutures of the skull.
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Craniotubular dysplasias
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a group of rare autosomal recessive hereditary diseases mainly resulting in abnormal or defective bone contour of the cranium and long bones.
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
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A malformation of the acetabulum often results in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Because the acetabulum does not completely form, the head of the femur is displaced superiorly and posteriorly
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Diaphysis
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Shaft of a long bone.
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Diploë
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The spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones
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Escherichia coli
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Escherichia coli; species of ameba normally found in the upper intestinal tract
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Enchondroma
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A benign growth of cartilage arising in the metaphysis of a bone.
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Epiphysis
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An ossification or growth center in the bones of children.
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Ewing's sarcoma
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A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindric bones.
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Exostoses
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or excessive bone growth may appear as singular or multiple lesions and are normally diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.
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Ganglion
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Cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist.
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Giant cell tumors
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(GCTs) are characterized by the presence of numerous, multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells. Unlike the previously mentioned neoplastic diseases, GCTs may be either benign or malignant.
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Gouty arthritis
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An inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe.
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Hyperostosis frontalis interna
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A term associated with osteoma of the skull is hyperostosis frontalis interna.
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Involucrum
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A shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone.
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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also known as Still's disease, affects children under 16 years of age and is similar to the adult form of RA. There are differences, however, in the pattern of involvement and prognosis.
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Medullary canal
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Inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced.
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Metaphysis
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The growing portion of bone.
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Osteoarthritis
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Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring mainly in older persons, producing gradual deterioration of the joint cartilage.
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Osteoblastoma
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Tumors of the bone arising from osteoblasts.
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Osteoblasts
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The bone-forming cells responsible for bone growth, ossification, and regeneration.
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Osteochondroma
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A benign tumor of adult bone capped by cartilage.
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Osteoclastomas
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a giant cell tumor of the bone that occurs most frequently at the end of a long bone and appears as a mass surrounded by a thin shell of new periosteal bone.
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Osteoclasts
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Cells that are associated with absorption and removal of bone.
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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A congenital disease in which the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fractures.
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Osteoid osteoma
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A benign tumor of bonelike structure that develops on a bone and sometimes on other structures.
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Osteoma
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An osteoma (plural: "osteomata") is a new piece of bone usually growing on another piece of bone, typically the skull. It is a benign tumor.
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Osteomyelitis
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Infection of bone, most often caused by Staphylococcus, which may localize or spread to the bone to involve the marrow and other bone tissues.
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Osteopetrosis
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A hereditary disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, likely as a result of faulty bone resorption.
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Osteophytes
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Osseous outgrowths (spurs).
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Osteosarcoma
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A primary malignancy of bone usually arising in the metaphysis, most commonly around the knee.
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Polydactyly
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The presence of more than five digits.
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Pott's disease
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Tuberculosis of the spine is also called Pott's disease.
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Psoriatic arthritis
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An inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis of the skin.
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Reiter's syndrome
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A group of symptoms associated with complications of urethritis.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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A chronic, systemic disease primarily of joints, characterized by an overgrowth of synovial tissues and articular structures and progressive destruction of cartilage, bone, and supporting structures.
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Scoliosis
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Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
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Sequestrum
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A piece of dead, devascularized bone that separates from living bone during the process of necrosis.
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Simple unicameral bone cyst
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A wall of fibrous tissue filled with fluid. These frequently occur in the long bones of children, most commonly in the humerus and proximal femur.
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Spina bifida
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A developmental anomaly characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, through which the choriomeninges may or may not protrude.
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Spondylolisthesis
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Forward displacement of one vertebra over another (commonly occurring at the L5-S1 junction), usually caused by a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis.
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Spondylolysis
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A condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes.
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Gram-positive micrococcaceae commonly present on the skin and mucous membranes.
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Syndactyly
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A webbing or fusion of digits.
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Tendonitis
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Inflammation of a tendon
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Tenosynovitis
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Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath.
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Trabeculae
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trabeculae of bone anastomosing bony spicules in cancellous bone which form a meshwork of intercommunicating spaces that are filled with bone marrow.
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Trabecular pattern
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an irregular meshwork of stress and stress-related struts within a cancellous bone.
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Transitional vertebra
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A vertebra that assumes the characteristics of the vertebrae on each side of a major spine division.
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Tuberculosis
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Any of the infectious diseases of man and animals caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, generally affecting the lungs in the human body.
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Whiplash
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Hyperextension-flexion injury of the spine
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