Pathology Chapter One Vocab

Front 1

Disease Classifications

Back 1

Congenital and Hereditary Disease
Inflammatory Disease
Degenerative Disease
Metabolic Disease
Traumatic Disease
Neoplastic Disease
The Staging of Cancer

Front 2

Pathology is the study of ?

Back 2

disease

Front 3

Acute

Back 3

Having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe course

Front 4

Asymptomatic:

Back 4

Showing or causing no identifiable symptoms

Front 5

Atrophy:

Back 5

A reduction in size or wasting of cells, tissues, or organs due to poor nutrition or non-use

Front 6

Auto-antibody:

Back 6

Antibody acting against its own tissue or organism

Front 7

Autoimmune disorder:

Back 7

Disease in which antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues, in contrast to the normal process in which antibodies form in response to foreign antigens.

Front 8

Benign neoplasm:

Back 8

Refers to a localized and generally noninvasive lesion

Front 9

Carcinoma:

Back 9

A malignant growth comprised of epithelial cells that tends to invade surrounding tissues and gives rise to metastases.

Front 10

Chronic:

Back 10

Presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time

Front 11

Congenital:

Back 11

Existing at, and usually before, birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors

Front 12

Degenerative:

Back 12

Refers to deterioration of the body usually associated with the aging process

Front 13

Diagnosis:

Back 13

The name of a disease an individual is believed to have

Front 14

Disease:

Back 14

Any abnormal disturbance of the normal function or structure of a body part, organ, or system that may display a variety of manifestations.

Front 15

Dysplasia:

Back 15

Abnormal tissue development

Front 16

Epidemiology:

Back 16

The investigation of disease in large groups

Front 17

Etiology:

Back 17

The study of the cause and origin of disease

Front 18

Hematogenous spread:

Back 18

Spread through the blood

Front 19

Hereditary:

Back 19

Genetically transferred from either parent to child and derived from ancestors

Front 20

Hyperplasia:

Back 20

Overdevelopment.

Front 21

Hypertrophy:

Back 21

Increase in number of cells and tissue resulting in an increased organ size without the presence of a tumor.

Front 22

Iatrogenic:

Back 22

Pertains to any adverse condition in a patient occurring as a result of medical
treatment.

Front 23

Incidence:

Back 23

A statistical measure that refers to the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period.

Front 24

Infection:

Back 24

An inflammatory process caused by exposure to some disease-causing organism

Front 25

Inflammatory:

Back 25

Refers to the body process of destroying, diluting, or walling off a localized injurious agent.

Front 26

Invasion:

Back 26

Refers to a condition when cells, tissue, or a lesion takes over the space or area of the surrounding normal tissue.

Front 27

Lesion:

Back 27

General term used to describe the various types of cellular change that can occur in response to a disease.

Front 28

Leukemia:

Back 28

A malignant disease of the leukocytes and their precursor cells in the blood and bone marrow

Front 29

Lymphatic spread:

Back 29

Spread through the lymphatic system

Front 30

Lymphoma:

Back 30

Neoplastic growth in the lymphatic system

Front 31

Malignant neoplasm:

Back 31

Refers to a lesion that grows, spreads, and invades other tissues

Front 32

Manifestations:

Back 32

Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process

Front 33

Metabolism:

Back 33

The normal physiologic function of the body

Front 34

Metaplasia:

Back 34

Conversion of a specific type of tissue into a different kind of tissue

Front 35

Metastatic spread:

Back 35

The spread of cancer cells

Front 36

Morbidity rate:

Back 36

The incidence of illness in the population sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine

Front 37

Mortality rate:

Back 37

The number of deaths from a particular disease averaged over a population

Front 38

Neoplastic:

Back 38

Pertaining to new, abnormal tissue growth

Front 39

Nosocomial:

Back 39

Refers to diseases acquired in or from a health care environment

Front 40

Pathogenesis:

Back 40

Development of disease

Front 41

Prevalence:

Back 41

A statistical measure that refers to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population

Front 42

Prognosis:

Back 42

The prediction of course and outcome for a given disease

Front 43

Sarcoma:

Back 43

A type of tumor, often highly malignant, composed of a substance like embryonic connective tissue

Front 44

Seeding:

Back 44

Cancerous cells traveling to a distant site or distant organ

Front 45

Sequelae:

Back 45

Condition resulting from a disease

Front 46

Sign:

Back 46

An objective manifestation of disease perceptible to the managing physician, as opposed to subjective symptoms perceived by the patient

Front 47

Symptom:

Back 47

Any subjective evidence of a disease as perceived by a patient

Front 48

Syndrome:

Back 48

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific abnormal disturbance

Front 49

Traumatic:

Back 49

Pertaining to the effects of a wound or injury, whether physical or psychic

Front 50

Virulence:

Back 50

The ease with which an organism overcomes body defenses

Front 51

aneurysm

Back 51

abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel.

Front 52

Carcinoma

Back 52

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.

Front 53

Ileostomy

Back 53

surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin.

Front 54

pleurisy

Back 54

inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest (the pleura) that leads to chest pain (usually sharp) when you take a breath or cough.

Front 55

emphysema

Back 55

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath

Front 56

Ectopic pregnancy

Back 56

pregnancy that occurs outside the womb (uterus). It is a life-threatening condition to the mother.

Front 57

What is the cycle of contamination

Back 57

Pathogen>>>susceptible person >>>>>>Colonization and or infection
>>>>>>Transmission mode

Front 58

If a tissue loses it’s atomic number it is called _________

Back 58

subtractive

Front 59

However if a tissue increases it’s atomic number it is called _________

Back 59

additive

Front 60

Who publishes information about morbidity rates?

Back 60

National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS)obtains al death certificates and publishes information.

Front 61

What are four reasons for inflammatory disease?

Back 61

Types: Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Toxic disease

Front 62

What are three types of degenerative disease?

Back 62

Atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis

Front 63

What are the two types of Metastatic spread

Back 63

Hematogenous spread:
Lymphatic spread:

Front 64

Invasion vs Seeding ?

Back 64

Invasion = close proximity tissue or organ
Seeding = travels to distant tissue or organ

Front 65

Curative=

Back 65

the patient is cancer free for 5 years

Front 66

Palliative=

Back 66

relieving the pain in uncurable

Front 67

Osteo

Back 67

Bone

Front 68

TNM system=premise that cancers of similar histology or origin are similar in their patterns of growth or extension

Back 68

T=size of primary untreated cancer
N=lymph node involvement
M=metastases

Front 69

Malignancies are graded to their degree of differentiation.

Back 69

1=least malignant
4=most malignant

Front 70

Neuro

Back 70

Nerve

Front 71

Myo

Back 71

Muscle

Front 72

Lipo

Back 72

Adipose tissue

Front 73

Hemangio

Back 73

Blood Vessels

Front 74

Fibro

Back 74

Fibrous Tissue

Front 75

Chondro

Back 75

Cartlige

Front 76

Angio

Back 76

Vascular

Front 77

Adeno

Back 77

Gland