Pathology Chapter 7

Front 1

Chronic Inflammation Definition

Back 1

Persistence of ongoing damage and the body's immune response to that for extended periods of time

Front 2

Function of Chronic Inflammation

Back 2

Contain & remove an injurious agent that is hard to kill or digest

Front 3

Examples of substances drawn to inflammatory site and become harmful

Back 3

Free Radicals; Proteases; Molecules that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition; other molecules that attract lymphocytes and neutrophils

Front 4

Main characterization of Chronic inflammation

Back 4

Injurious agent is persistent

Takes place over a time span long enough to involve immune system (lymphocytes) and healing response (production of granualtion tissue)

Front 5

Situations for Chronic Inflammation

Back 5

Directly follows Acute inflammation (i.e.staph in bone)

Repeated bouts of acute inflammation with episodes of healing (kidney)

No real accute phase (TB, RA, asbestos)

Immune system weakened (Chronic granulomatous disease)

Front 6

Principal processes of Chronic Inflammation

Back 6

1) Immune Response

2) Phagocytosis

3) Repair

Front 7

Immune Response in Chronic Inflammation

Back 7

Cell mediated and humoral immunity

Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells

Front 8

Phagocytosis in Chronic Inflammation

Back 8

T cell mediated is same as acute

Also non- immune phagocytosis are directed towards indigestible foreign substances

Front 9

Repair in Chronic Inflammation

Back 9

Elaboration of granulation tissue- new blood vessels, fibroblasts, ongoing fibrosis, tissue remodeling, scarring

Front 10

Macrophages in Repair

Back 10

participate in chronic inflammation by killing foreign organisms and necrotic debris.

Also stimulates fibrosis and remodeling repair tissue

Front 11

4 Hallmarks of Granulation Tissue

Back 11

1. Mononuclear Infiltration

2. Proliferation of Fibroblasts and small blood vessels

3. Tissue Fibrosis

4. Tissue Destruction

Front 12

Types of Chronic Inflammation

Back 12

1. Granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

2. Nonantigenic Chronic Inflammation

3. Nongranulomatous Chronic Inflmmation

4. Combined Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Front 13

Granulomatous Chronic Inflammation

(Type of Chronic Inflammation)

Back 13

Creation of granuloma's of various sorts due to the repair stage of chronic inflammation.

Central Caseous Necrosis is common

Front 14

Granuloma Definition

Back 14

Modified Macrophages aggregated under stimulus of lymphokines produced by T-Cells

Surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, collagen.

Front 15

Epitheliod Cells

Back 15

pale-pink modified macrophages

Front 16

Langhan's-type Giant Cell

Back 16

Fusion of epitheliod cells

Organic Antigen

Front 17

Giant Cell

Back 17

Fusion of Epitheliod Cells

Inert, non-organic irritant

Front 18

Examples of Granuloma Chronic Inflammation

Back 18

TB

Syphilis

Silicosis

Chron's

Front 19

MIF

Back 19

Migration-Inhibiting Factor

Active T-Cell response

Macrophages aggregate and form granulomas

Front 20

MAF

Back 20

Macrophage-Activating Factor

Enhances phagocytosis

Front 21

Nonantigenic Chronic Inflammation

Back 21

When foreign body is too large to be attacked by individual macrophage or does not incite inflammatory/ Immune response

Form's Giant Cells (not Langhan's-type)

Front 22

Giant Cells (not Langhan's-type)

Back 22

Nonantigenic

No inflammatory or immune response

Numerous nuclei throughout cell

Foreign material in center

Not much necrosis

Front 23

Nongranulomatous Chronic Inflammation

Back 23

Sensitized lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells

NO necrosis; NO Giant Cells

Cells not aggregated

Front 24

Causes of nongranulomatous chronic inflammation

Back 24

Chronic Viral Invection (hepatitis)

Chronic autoimmune disease (RA, hashimoto, colitis)

Chronic Chemical Intoxications (alcoholism)

Chronic Non-viral infections (Leprosy)

Chronic Metazoan Infections (eosinophilia, worms)

Front 25

Chronic Non-Viral Infections

Back 25

Germ survives and multiplies in cytoplasm.

Weak T-Cell response

Front 26

Combined Acute Chronic Inflammation

Back 26

Lesion forms because of both (Chronic Supparative Inflammation)

Pus and pathogens not accessible by drugs and antibodies.

LIquefactive necrosis surrounded by chronic inflammation

Front 27

Structural Patterns of Inflammation

Back 27

1. Fibrinous Inflammation

2. Serous Inflammation

3. Chronic Suppurative Inflammation

4. Chronic Granulomatous Inflammation

5. Ulcer

Front 28

Fibrinous Inflammation

Back 28

Exudation of fribrinous tissue

Common in body cavities (pericardial; pleural cavities)

Front 29

Serous Inflammation

Back 29

Slow formation of clear (serous) transudate)

Occurs when serous membrane or synovial membrane is involved.

i.e. skin blister after burn

Front 30

Chronic Suppurative Inflammation

Back 30

Abscess

Pus, leukocytes, liquefactive necrosis

Front 31

Chronic Granulomatous Inflammation

Back 31

Seen when microorganism survives within macrophage.

T-cell participation

Sometimes when non-digestible foreign material present

Front 32

Ulcer

Back 32

Surface defect in a tissue created through loss of necrotic tissue