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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coronary Arteries
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Branch off to the right and left very close to the base of the aorta just above the left ventricle and deliver blood to smaller arteries that feed capillaries of the heart everytime the heart relaxes between beats
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Coronary sinus
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Enlarged veins that collect blood from the heart muscle and empty into the right atrium
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Waveform
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A visible display of the electrical impulses (flows of ions), that cause muscles to contract and relax
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Normal sinus rhythm
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A waveform display of the electrical impulses (flows of ions) that cause the muscle tissue throughout the heart to contract and relax that can be measured to indicate how well the heart is functioning
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Diastole
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The relaxation phase of heart muscle-(bottom #)
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Systole
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The contraction phase of heart muscle-(top #)
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systolic over diastolic (120/80)
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The measure of blood pressure when the ventricles are contracted over the pressure when they are relaxed
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Cardiac output
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The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
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Stroke volume
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The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle with each beat
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Heart rate
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The number of heart beats per minute
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cardiac output
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equal to the stroke volume times the heart rate
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Conduction myofibers
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Specialized muscle cells that make the conduction system of the heart
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Sinoatrial (SA) node
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A bundle of conduction myofibers located at the top right of the right atrium that begins each heart beat by sending an electrical impulse burst into the top of both atria
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Pacemaker
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Another name for the sinoatrial node
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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A bundle of conduction myofibers embedded in the wall at the left bottom of the right atrium that is stimulated by the electrical impulse from the SA node and in turn sends an impulse burst into the bottoms of both ventricles
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cardiac center
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a bundle of neurons in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem that controls the SA node
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Autonomic nervous system
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the division of the nervous system that connects the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata of the brain to the SA node
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Sympathetic
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Nerve fibers that carry impulses sent by the cardiac center to stimulate the SA node and speed up the heart rate
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Parasympathetic
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Nerve fibers (vagus nerve) that carry impulses sent by the cardiac center to depress the SA node and slow the heart rate
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Normal Heart rate
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72 beats per min
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Bradycardia
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An unusually slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute
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Tachycardia
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An unusually fast heart rate above 100 beats per minute
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Arrhythmia
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An abnormality in the cardiac rhythm that takes the heart out of the normal sinus rhythm
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Heart sounds
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The lub-dup of the heart beat generated by the closing of valves as the ventricles contract and relax
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Murmur
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An abnormal sound between the lub and the dup, usually caused by blood being forced back through a valve that has not properly sealed
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Endocarditis
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Inflammation of the inside layer of the heart wall usually due to bacterial but sometimes fungal infection. Untreated it is always fatal but with aggressive antibiotic and sometimes surgical treatment to repair damaged valves most people survive.
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Myocarditis
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Inflammation of the middle layer of the heart wall that may arise from a number of factors including viral or bacterial infection, chemicals, an allergic reaction, or other diseases such as lupus. Serious inflammation can damage the myocardium and lead to acute or chronic heart failure
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Pericarditis
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Inflammation of the pericardial sack the heart sits in caused by bacterial or viral infection. It is very painful.
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Congenital
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Heart disease present at birth.
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Fetal Lung bypasses
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Shunts that allow blood to bypass the lungs before birth. If these do not close before birth some of the baby's blood bypasses the lungs and does not pick up oxygen and the baby's skin remains blue
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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A combination of four heart defects
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Rheumatic
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Heart disease that begins in children between the ages of 5 to 15 as an untreated strep throat infection that migrates to and infects the endocardium of the heart, especially the left atrioventricular valve. The valve can be scarred and enlarged which can prevent it from sealing well for the rest of the child's life.
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Atherosclerosis
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A disease of the arteries. In the coronary arteries cholesterol plaque can build up on the inside of the walls narrowing the passageway and slowing blood flow.
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Thrombus
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A blood clot in a blood vessel
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Embolus
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A blood clot that breaks away from the place it was formed and moves through a blood vessel.
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Occlusion
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A blockage that stops the blood flow through a blood vessel, usually an artery
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Ischemia
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A lack of blood flow to an area fed by a blocked artery
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Angina pectoris
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Pain caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle of the heart
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Infarct
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An area of dead heart muscle caused by an extended lack of blood flow
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Arrhythmia
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An abnormal heart beat rhythm started by spasms in the area of an infarct as the heart muscle dies
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Flutter
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An uncomfortably rapid, coordinated heart beat
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Fibrillation
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Rapid, uncoordinated contractions in the heart; in the ventricles it is life threatening
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Defibrillator
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A device used to send a powerful electrical impulse through the heart muscle causing it all to contract at one time
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Heart block
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Ischemia or infarct in the electrical conduction system of the heart that stops the electrical impulse so that the heart beat can not be generated below that point
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Heart failure
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The heart's inability to pump enough blood usually due to a progressive weakening of the heart muscle caused by high blood pressure, disease, malnutrition, anemia or age
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