Pathology Chapter 5 Gi System

Front 1

what is the basic function of the digestive system?

Back 1

Alter chemical and physical composition of food

Front 2

By altering the composition of food it can be absorbed and used by

Back 2

Body cells

Front 3

Two types of glands associated with changing the composition of food are?

Back 3

Endocrine and exocrine

Front 4

Another name for chewing is

Back 4

Mastication

Front 5

Digestion begins in the mouth with?

Back 5

chewing

Front 6

What requires coordination of many muscles in the head and neck and the precise opening and closing of esophageal sphincters?

Back 6

Swallowing (deglutiton)

Front 7

Milky and is white and come from mixture of proteolytic anzyme pepsin with hydrochloric acid

Back 7

chyme

Front 8

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions are called?

Back 8

peristalsis

Front 9

The greatest amount of digestion occurs ?

Back 9

in duodenum

Front 10

Bile is an example of an

Back 10

Emulsifier

Front 11

A substance that acts like soap by dispersing the fat into very small droplets that permit it to mix with water?

Back 11

Emulsifier

Front 12

The completion of digestion means that the body can absorb nutrients through?

Back 12

intestinal Wall

Front 13

four examples of fat- soluble vitamins are

Back 13

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K

Front 14

Results from increased motility of the small bowel, which floods the colon with an excessive amount of water that cannot be completely absorbed

Back 14

Diarrhea

Front 15

Largest gland in the body is called?

Back 15

Liver

Front 16

To control level of glucose in the circulating blood, the pancreas secretes

Back 16

Insulin and Glucagon

Front 17

Results from failure of a satisfactory esophageal lumen to develop completely separate from the trachea

Back 17

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

Front 18

Both the upper and lower segments of the esophagus are blind pouches

Back 18

Radiographic appearance of Tracheoesophageal fistulas

Front 19

Upper esophageal segment communicates with the trachea wheres the lower segment ends in a blind pouch

Back 19

type 2 form of TE

Front 20

Upper segment ends in blind pouch and lower segment attached to trachea

Back 20

type 3 TE

Front 21

Any symptomatic condition or structural changes caused by reflux of the stomach contents into esophagus

Back 21

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

Front 22

double contrast studies showing superficial ulcerations or erosions, appear as streaks or dots of barium superimposed on flat mucosa of distal esophagus

Back 22

Radiographic appearance of (GERD)

Front 23

Related to severe reflux esophagi tis, normal squamous lining of lower esophagus destroyed and replaced by columnar epithelium

Back 23

Barret's Esophagus

Front 24

isotope from stomach into distal esophagus, to level that corresponds to ulcer or stricture

Back 24

Radiographic appearance of Barrett's esophagus

Front 25

Produces acute inflammatory changes of superficial to deep ulcerations

Back 25

ingestion of corrosive agents

Front 26

Fibrosis and stricture formation. benign strictures are long lesions with tampered margins

Back 26

Radiographic appearance of ingestion of Corrosive agents

Front 27

caused by difficulty swallowing in a person older than 40

Back 27

Esophageal cancer

Front 28

shows as flat, plaque like lesion, occasionally with central ulceration

Back 28

Radiographic appearance of Esophageal caner

Front 29

Surgical resection

Back 29

treatment for Esophageal cancer

Front 30

Lesions that contain all layers of wall, or composed of only mucosa and sub mucosa herniating through muscular layer

Back 30

Esophageal Diverticula

Front 31

Arise from the posterior wall of the upper esophagus, sometimes large enough to almost occlude the lumen

Back 31

Zenkers Diverticula

Front 32

dilated veins in wall of esophagus, results in increased pressure in the portal venous systems

Back 32

Esophageal varcies

Front 33

serpiginous thickening of fold, round resembling beads of rosary

Back 33

Radiographic appearance of Esophageal varices

Front 34

most common abnormality detected on upper gastrointestinal examination

Back 34

hiatal hernia

Front 35

GI series, numerous thicker folds of the stomach above the diaphragm

Back 35

Radiographic appearance of hiatal hernia

Front 36

Functional obstruction of distal esophagus with proximal dilation

Back 36

Achalasia

Front 37

on chest film shows dilated esophagus
GI series_ narrowing of distal esophageal segment

Back 37

Radiographic appearance of Achalasia

Front 38

Food, bolus or non opaque objects

Back 38

foreign bodies

Front 39

Functional obstruction of distal esophagus with proximal dilation

Back 39

Achalasia

Front 40

on chest film shows dilated esophagus
GI series_ narrowing of distal esophageal segment

Back 40

Radiographic appearance of Achalasia

Front 41

intraluminal filling defect with an irregular surface and BS to demonstrate level of impaction

Back 41

RA of foreign Bodies

Front 42

free air in the mediastinum or periesophageal soft tissue on radiographs implies

Back 42

preforation of esophagus

Front 43

Food, bolus or non opaque objects

Back 43

foreign bodies

Front 44

intraluminal filling defect with an irregular surface and BS to demonstrate level of impaction

Back 44

RA of foreign Bodies

Front 45

free air in the mediastinum or periesophageal soft tissue on radiographs implies

Back 45

preforation of esophagus

Front 46

irritants in the stomach such as alcohol, corrosive agents and infection causes

Back 46

gastritis

Front 47

thickened gastric folds
gastric outlet obstruction

Back 47

RA apperance of gastritis