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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology is what 3 types of dis
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degenerative dis
neoplastic dis inflammatory dis |
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Ch 2 covers what 5 aspects of inflammation
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-concept of inf
-role of mediators -3 outcomes of acute inf -3 morphologic patterns of acute inf -chronic inf |
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How can you describe the sequence of events of inflammation
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a linear sequence of events and you must know the order
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what happens if acute inf is prolonged
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can become chronic
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What are the sequence of linear events which occur in inf
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-normal histo
-vasodilation -inc vas permeability -leakage of exudate -Margination, Rolling, Adhesion -Transmigration -Chemotaxis -PMN Activation Phagocytosis -Termination -3 Results |
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Where does vasodilatation occur
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at the level of post-cap venules
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exudate
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An exudate is any fluid that filters from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation
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M R A
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margination, rolling, adhesion; in this order of neutrophils
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diapedesis
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outward passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls
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chemotaxis
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Chemotaxis is the phenomenon in which somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment.
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events of phagocytosis
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recognition, attachment, engulfment, killing (degradation or digestion)
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3 results (outcomes) of inf
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100% resolution, scar, or chronic inf
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scar aka
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fibrosis
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acute inf is...
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non-specific process protective response
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3 aspects of acute inf
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-vascular events
-cellular events -mediators |
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if you see polys in an appendix what would you call it?
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acute appendicitis
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cardinal signs of inf
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-Rubor
-Calor -Tumor -Dolor -Functio Lasea |
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Rubor
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Red
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Calor
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Heat
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Tumor
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Buldge
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Functio Laesa
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loss of function or a disturbance of function.
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stimuli for acute inf
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--infectious
--physical (trauma, radiation) --chemical -tissue necrosis -FBs (foreign bodies) -immune responses |
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After stimuli of acute inf
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valvular changes
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what are the valvular changes
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-changes in vascular flow and caliber
-inc vascular permeability (leakage of fluid) |
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what are 3 causes of inc permeability
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-dilatation
-endothelial gaps -direct injuiry |
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what are 3 results of inc permeability
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-leukocyte inj
-transcytosis (endo/exo cytosis) -triggers off new BV (late) |
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what is the proteinaceous fluid which leaks
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exudate not transudate
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transudate compared to exudate
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smaller molecules than exudate, exudate needs larger holes
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after BV dilation and leakage of fluid (must know order)
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-margination
-rolling -adhesion -transmigration (diapedesis) |
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margination
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PMN's go toward wall
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rolling
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tumbling and heaping
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transmigration aka
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diapedesis
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what type of molecules are adhesion molecules which affect adhesion and transmigration
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glycoproteins
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what are the 2 molecules which are crucial for white blood cell adhesion and transmigration
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-secretins
-integretins |
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after EBC escapes from BV where do they go
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to the site of injury
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chemotaxis relative to inf
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PMNs going to the site of injury after transmigration
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after chemotaxis, what happens
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leukocyte activation
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leukocyte activation is triggered by the offending stimuli for PMNs to
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Produce eicosanoids
prostaglandins leukotrines lipoxins -they undergo degranulation -secrete cytokines |
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3 parts of phagocytosis
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-recognition
-engulfment -killing (deg/dig) |
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5 factors of chemical mediators
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-from plasma or cells
-have triggering stimuli -usually have specific targets -can cause a cascade -are short lived |
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where does histamine come from
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mast cells and basophils; igE on mast cell; a vasoactive amine
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action of histamine
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a powerful vasodilator
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serotonin aka
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5-hydroxy-tryptamine
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serotonin come from
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platelets and enterochromaffin cells
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action of serotonin
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vasodilation; more indirect; evokes NO synthetase
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what is the complement system
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>20 components in circulating plasma
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action of complement system
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multi sites of action but lysis is underlying theme after an extensive cascade
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what is the key component of the kinin system
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bradykinin
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where is the kinin system found
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also a circulating plasma
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actions of the kinin system
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-inc vas permeability
-smooth muscle contractions (non-vascular) -pain |
