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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which of the following is the most common pituitary tumor?
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craniopharyngioma
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space occupying effects of a suprasellar mass include which of the following excep?
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galactorrhea
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epinephrine and nor-epi are catecholamines produced by
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pheochromocytoma
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duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by teh following except?
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autosomal dominant inheritance
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which of the following is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of bone?
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osteosarcoma
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what are the calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels for:
osteoporosis |
normal calcium
normal phosphate normal alkaline phosphatase |
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what are the calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels for:
von recklinghausen disease of bone (hyperparathyroidism) |
high serum calcium
low serum phosphate |
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what are the calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels for:
Paget's disease of bone |
normal calcium
normal phosphate high alkaline phosphatase |
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denervation muscle atrophy is caused by axonal degeneration while disuse atrophy is caused by prolonged immobilization : T/F?
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true
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a 40-year-old woman presents with ptosis, and progressive muscle weakening tends to worsen as the day progresses. the most likely diagnosis is:
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myasthenia gravis
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complications of myasthenia gravis DO NOT INCLUDE
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nerve axonal degeneration with secondary disintigration of its myselin sheath
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marked susceptibility to fracture in postmenopausal women is associated with
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osteoporosis
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untreated end stage kidney disease leads to which of the following bone conditions?
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von Ricklinghausen disease
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deficiency of vitamin D in adults leads to rickets. while in children it leads to osteomalacia: T/F?
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false. it is the reverse
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a bone specimen showing bone trabeculae surrounded by prominent and wide osteoid seams is most suggestive of
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osteomalacia
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rachitis rosary was noted in a 5 year old boy who also has swelling of his rests and ankles. The child most likely has
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rickets
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brown tumors of bone, metatstatic calcification and peptic sulcers is a common complex associated with which of hte following?
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hyperparathyroidism
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cotton wool on skull radiographs is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism (von recklinghausenn disease) whereas ground glass alteration of bone is seen typically in paget's disease of bone: T/F?
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false
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simultaneous osteoblastic and osteclastic rimming of bone trabeculae is a characteristic microscopic finding seen in
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paget's disease of bone
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a 70 year old male with visual and hearing impairment presented to your clinic seeking a new set of dentures. his most recent dentures were made only 1 year ago, but now are right. this patient most likely has
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paget's disease of bone
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marked susceptibility to fracture is seen in the following bone conditions excep
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hyperparathyroidism
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the priciple biologic abnormality in osteoporosis is related to
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reduction in or lack of osteoclastic function
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osteosarcoma develops as a secondary neoplastic complication in which of the following bone diseases?
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paget's disease of bone
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a 48- year-old male presented with lucent bone lesions involving the mandible, pelvic bone and femur. biopsies from these areas reveleated giant cell lesions and suggested hyperparathyroidism. what is the single most reliable lab finding that would confirm that diagnosis?
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elevated serum calcium
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myelophthisic anemia and suceptibility to infection of "marble brittle" bones are seen in which fo the following conditions?
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osteopetrosis
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periapical radiographs showing multiple teeth with hypercementosis and "patchy" opacities are most suggestive of:
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paget's disease of bone
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blue sclera, opalescent dentin and multiple bone fractures in a baby are characteristic of:
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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a maxillary bone mass was biopsied and microscopic sections showed malignant neoplastic pleomorphic cells producing osteoid is consistent with:
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osteosarcoma
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which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by Th1 CD4 effector cells?
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type IV (delayed hypersensitivity)
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central t lymphocyte tolerance occurs in:
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the thymus or thymal equivalent
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systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of what type of autoimmune disease?
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systemic
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a surface glycoprotein which is related to CD28 but when bound to B71-B7-2 has the opposite effect as CD28 is:
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CTLA-4
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all of the following are immunological components of type I hypersensitivity except which one?
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Th1 effector T cells
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if an antigen presenting cell presents an antigen peptide to a mature, naive, functional T lymphocyte but neiter expresses nor releases any T cell costimulators, the responding T cell boecomes
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anergic (enters a state of anergy)
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individuals who have myasthenia gravis may, rather frequently, also have
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thymoma
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the autocrine expression and interaction of Fas and Fas-L, leading to the apoptosis of T lymphocytes is a manifestation of
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peripheral tolerance induction
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all of the following ar emanifestations of type III hypersensitivity except whcih one?
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antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
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infectious diseases may lead to a breakdown in tolerance to self-peptides by:
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molecular mimicry AND
inducing an inflammatory resposnen which in turn stimulates APC's displaing peptides to also express appropriate costimulators |
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a commonly used class of drugs to treat autoimmune diseases is:
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glucocoritcosteroids
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a key finding in the laboratory diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is antibody specific for
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ds DNA
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natural killer cells would most likely be involve din which of hte following hypersensitivities?
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type II
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from a genetic standpoint, predisposition to autoimmune disease appears to be associated with
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expression of certain HLA alleles AND
polygenic factors |
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immunoglobulin specific for which of the following surface receptors is commonly found in myasthenia gravis?
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acetylcholine receptor
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which fo the following are examples of degenerative neurological diseases?
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alzheimer's
parkinson's huntington's |
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all of hte following are true about degnerative neurological diseases except
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their pathogenesis for the most part is known
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th emost common route of infective organisms reaching the brain is:
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the blood
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a neoplasm of the nervous system that may present in the mout is:
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neurofibroma
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the following are examples of demyelinating diseases except:
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alzheimer's disease
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what is the definition of anergy?
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when a competent APc presents a peptide to a lymphocyte, B&-1 and B&-2 engage CTLA-4 on the respoding T cell, instead of CD8
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a common clinical feature of ulcerative colitis is
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mucosal inflammation
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bacteria has been implicated in the development of these diseases of the stomach:
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peptic ulcer disease
MALT lymphoma adenocarcinoma |
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patients with a high prevalenc of colonic adenomas have a high prevalence of colonic adenocarinoma: T/F
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true
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barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition in the esophagus
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true
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which of the following statements about barrett's esophagus is NOT TRUE
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it has no association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
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chronic heliobacter pylori infection is implicated in the development of all except
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esophageal adenocarcinoma
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barrett's esophagus is an example of
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metaplasia
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a 2 month old baby girl presents with jaundice. ultraoudne xam can't identify a gallbladder or bile duct. liver biopsy shows fibrosis asnd inflammation of portal triads with fluoride bile ductular proliferation. the most likely diagnosis is
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extrahepatic biliary atresia
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in HIV infected patients, hairy leukoplakia is caused by epithelial infection by which of the following?
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epstein barr virus
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which of the following metatstatic patterns in the most common in GI malignancies?
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lymph nodes, the liver
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which of the following is false about adenocarcinoma of hte colon?
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most patients present with small sized malignancies bc there are considerab early clinical symptoms
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a clinicopathologic feature common to both ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease is
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mucosal inflammation
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an eample of secretory diarrhea is
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patient with cholera
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chronic infection with tropheryma whippleii is associated with which of the following?
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whipple disease
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which of hte following mutations is associated with the development of dysplastic colonic polyps?
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APC
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malabsorption syndromes include th efollowing except:
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ulcerative colitis
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diagnosis: japanese immigrant with abdominal pain. mass found in endoscopy. urease activity
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gastric adenocarcinoma
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18 year old with ileitis. chornic abdominal pai, diarrhea, IBS. enterocutaneous fistula
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crohn's disease
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a 56 year old male has chronic abdomianl pain and diarrhea. small bowel biopsy demonstrates replacement of the lamina propria with foamy macrophages that stain positive for periodic acid schiff stain
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whipple disease
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positive iron stain of liver biopsy in 56 year old asymptomatic male. homozygous CD28Y mutation of HFE gene. best treatment is:
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heavy metal chelators and regular phlebotomy
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46 year old male with jaundce and UR pain. changes in behavior. large tender liver. blood shows low serum ceruloplasmin and urine sample shows elevated copper.
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wilson's disease
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hepatic failure:
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develop a bleeding diathesis as a result of impaired clotting factor synthesis
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portal hypertension
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in cirrhosis results from resistance to portal flow at level of sinusoids and central veins and formation of vascular anastamoses between hepatic artery branches and portal vein branches within the pathologic fibrous bands of cirrhosis
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alcoholic liver disease
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death from end stage alcoholic ingestion may be from GI hemorrhage infections or hepatocellular carcinoma
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58 year old man had a liver biopsy that shows extensive parenchymal steatosis associated wtih acute inflammation. hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and bridging fibrosis. what is the diagnosis?
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alcoholic cirrhosis
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multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma is typically associated with
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chronic hepatitis B
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1. all o the following are true about degenerative neurological diseases except:
a. their pathogeneisis for the most part is known b. they may be sporadic or familial c. clinically they are progressive d. signs and symptoms are usually symmetric and relate to anatomic site involved |
a. their pathogeneisis for the most part is known
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the most common route of infective organisms reaching the brain is:
a. the CSF b. the blood c. via peripheral nerves d. none of the above |
the blood
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the following is (are) example(S) of degenerative neruological diseases:
a. alheimer's b. parkinson' c. huntington's d. all of hte above e. none of the above |
all of the above
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a neoplasm of the nervous system that may present in the mouth is:
a. ependymoma b. oligodendroglioma c. astrocytoma d. neurofibroma |
neurofibroma
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the following examples of demylinating disease except:
a. central pontine myelinosis b. multiple scleorosis c. acute disseminated d. encephalomyelitis e. alzheimer's disease |
alheimer's
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