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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of edema
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-tissue swelling
-damage to cell membrane -alterations in water and electrolyte movements across cell membrane |
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Development of edema
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-decreased plasma osmotic pressure
-increased blood hydrostatic pressure -lymphatic obstruction -increased vascular permeability |
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What is interstitial fluid?
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The site where particles and water pass to enter or exit cells
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What are the forces that favor the passage of fluids from the plasma into the interstitium?
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-hydrostatic pressure of blood
-osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid |
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What are the forces that favor the passage of fluid from the interstitium to the plasma?
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-osmotic pressure of blood
-hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid |
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What is local edema caused by?
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-lymphatic blockage
-abnormal venous drainage |
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What are the two types of edema?
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Local and generalized edema
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What is generalized edema caused by?
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-increased hydrostatic pressure of blood flow
-decreased osmotic pressure of plasma proteins |
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Ascites
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edema that occurs in body cavities
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Hydrothorax
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fluid in the chest
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Hydropericardium
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fluid around the heart
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Anasarca
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edema all over the body
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What happens during hemostasis?
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-arteriole vasoconstriction
-platelet aggregation -coagulation |
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What is Thrombocytopenia?
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<100,000 platelets/mL of blood
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What are the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia?
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-inadequate formation of platelets in bone marrow
-destruction of platelets during systemic infectious diseases, exposure to radiation, drug treatment, immunologic diseases |
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What causes blood coagulation?
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Blood vessel injuries
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How many blood coagulation factors are there?
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12
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How do blood clots form?
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Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin
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What can cause coagulation disorders?
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-deficiency or absence of any of the clotting factors
-platelet deficiencies |
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What causes hemophilia A?
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-deficiency of factor VIII
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von Willebrand's disease
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-genetic disease
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What can cause acquired coagulation disorders?
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-severe trauma
-deep burns -liver failure -Vit. K deficiency -systemic viral infections |
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Why can liver failure lead to bleeding tendencies?
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Because coagulation factors are made in the liver
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What is Vitamin K needed for?
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synthesis of some coagulation factors
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How do anticoagulant rodenticides work?
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by preventing hepatic synthesis of certain coagulation factors
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What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
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a coagulation disorder in which blood coagulates within the intact blood vessels in some part of the body.
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What does DIC do to blood?
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it depletes it of platelets and coagulation factors
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