Pathology

Front 1

Suppurative Acute Inflamation

Back 1

Leukocyte inflamation
-PMNs are attracted to the site by release of chemoattractants produced by *rapidly dividing* extracellular bacteria
-**large pus formation

Front 2

Mononuclear and granulomatous inflammation

Back 2

-mononuclear interstitial infiltrates in respnse

Front 3

Cytopathic-Cytoproliferative Inflammation

Back 3

- virus mediated damage
-absence of host inflamatory response
-can cause proliferationf of epithelial cells and form warts
-

Front 4

Necortizing inflamation

Back 4

-toxin-mediated
-tissue damage and cell death
-Few inflamatory cells involved
-Don't see many infamatory cells because the infection occurs so quickly that there isnt time for the WBCs to get there.

Front 5

CHronic Inflamation

Back 5

-final pathway of many infections
-lead to complte healing or extensive scarring
-

Front 6

Bacteria invovled in chronic inflamation

Back 6

H. Pylori
Crytosporidium
Microsporidium
Troponeum palladium

Front 7

Direct Staining methods for fungus

Back 7

lactophenol Blue
KOH-used to distinguish fungi in hair and neails
KOH-Calcuflour- really looks
for fungal elements
-India INK- can identify capsule of cryptococcus.

Front 8

Types of Inflamation

Back 8

1. Supuralitive acute inflamation
2. Granulomatous
3. Cytopathic or cytoproliferative
4. Necrotizing
5. Chronic

Front 9

Supurrative (acute) infection

Back 9

1. Strong congregation of PMNs
2. Rapidly divinding Bacteria produce chemokines which attract more PMNs
3. going to create pus
4. severity of exudate production is dependient on the pathogen of infection.

Front 10

Granulatomous (mononuclear) Infection

Back 10

1. usually seen with interstitial infiltrates- bacterial, viral, parsitic infections
2. Parasites-eosionphils
2. lymphocytes- viruses
3. Macrophages aggregate to form giant cell.
4. seen predominately with casseous necrosis infections.

Front 11

Cytopathic or Cytoproliferative inflammation

Back 11

1. virally mediated
2. Think HPV and HSV
3. Virus indiuces sloughing and hypertrophy.

Front 12

Necrotizing inflamation

Back 12

-usually toxin mediated
- think GAS and Clostridium perfringens

Front 13

Chronic Inflamation

Back 13

1. Can either lead to complete healing, or scarring.
2. PMN inflamation and fibrosis usually overlap.

Front 14

Four staining methods

Back 14

1. Gram stain
2. ACid Fast stain
3. Florescent Staining
4. Auramine-Rhodamine Stain

Front 15

Auramine-Rhodamine Stain

Back 15

-Used for staining mycobacterium

Front 16

Lab diagnositcs for Fungi!

Back 16

1. Lactophenol Blue
2. KOH
3. KOH-Calcuofluor White
4. India Ink

Front 17

lactophenol Blue

Back 17

-gives off a light blue structure
-preserves structures
-

Front 18

KOH

Back 18

-dissoleves some tissues and makes them transparent
-

Front 19

KOH-Calcuofluorr White

Back 19

-binds to the chittin of fungi

Front 20

India Ink

Back 20

-Binds ot the capsuel, especially in cryptococcus.

Front 21

parasitic Infections

Back 21

1. can diagnose usually directly microscopically
2. can see in the tissus
3. Wright-Geimsa stain can be used for blood detection
4. can cause chronic or granulomatous infections
5. protozoa and eggs are observed under the microscope.

Front 22

Four types of laboratory susceptibility diagnosis

Back 22

1. macrodilution
2. microdilution
3. Kirby-Bauer test
4. E-test- bascially there is a strip with varying concentration of antibiotics on it, and where the border of no growth is is going to be the MIC of that organism.