Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Acathosis Nigricans |
Visceral malignancy Rare More commonly A/W insulin resistance |
|
|
Barrett esophagus |
Esophageal adenoCa |
|
|
Chronic atrophic gastritis/Postsurgical gastric remnants |
Gastric adenoCa |
|
|
Cirrhosis |
Hepatocellular adenoCa |
|
|
Ulcerative colitis |
Colon adenoCa |
|
|
Actinic keratosis |
SCC of skin |
|
|
Dermato- and polymyositis |
Visceral malignancies Particularly GU |
|
|
Dysplastic nevus |
Malignant melanoma |
|
|
Multiple seborrheic keratoses |
GI Breast Lung Lymphoid malignancies |
|
|
Paget disease of bone |
Secondary osteosarcoma Fibrosarcoma |
|
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome |
SCC of esophagus |
|
|
Tuberous sclerosis |
Multiple hamartomatous/benign tumours - including giant cell astrocytomas, renal angiomyolipoms, cardiac rhabdomyomas May become malignant |
|
|
Xeroderma pigmentosum, Albinism |
SCC, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma |
|
|
AIDS |
Aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma Kaposi sarcoma |
|
|
Autoimmune dxs - Hashimoto thyroiditis, SLE |
Lymphoma |
|
|
Down syndrome |
Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
|
|
Immunodeficiency |
Lymphoma, melanoma, renal cell Ca |
|
|
Li-Fraumeni syndrome |
Various cancer types at young age Sarcoma Breast Leukemia Adrenal gland Ca |
|
|
Radiation exposure |
Leukemia Sarcoma Papillary thyroid cancer Breast cancer |
|
|
BCR-ABL |
Tyrosine kinase CML ALL |
|
|
BCL-2 |
Antiapoptotic molecule Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas |
|
|
BRAF |
Serine/threonine kinase Melanoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
|
|
c-kit |
Cytokine receptor GIST |
|
|
c-myc |
Transcription factor Burkitt lymphoma |
|
|
HER2/neu - c-erbB2 |
Tyrosine kinase Breast Ca Ovarian Ca Gastric Ca |
|
|
L-myc |
Transcription factor Lung tumour |
|
|
N-myc |
Transcription factor Neuroblastoma |
|
|
RAS |
GTPase Colon cancer Lung cancer Pancreatic cancer |
|
|
RET |
Tyrosine kinase MEN 2A/B Medullary thyroid cancer |
|
|
Oncogenes |
Gain of fxn -> Increased cancer risk Only need to damage 1 allele BCR-ABL, BCL-2, BRAF, c-kit, c-myc, HER2/neu, L-myc, N-myc, RAS, RET |
|
|
Tumour suppressor genes |
Loss of fxn -> Increased cancer risk Both alleles must be lost for expression of dx APC, BRCA1/2, DCC, DPC4, MEN1, NF1, NF2, P16, P53, PTEN, Rb, TSC1, TSC2, VHL, WT1/2 |
|
|
APC |
Colorectal cancer - FAP |
|
|
BRCA1/2 |
Breast and ovarian cancer DNA repair protein |
|
|
DCC |
Colon cancer |
|
|
DPC4/SMAD4 |
Pancreatic cancer |
|
|
MEN1 |
Menin MEN 1 |
|
|
NF1 |
Neurofibromatosis 1 Ras GTPase activating protein = neurofibromin |
|
|
NF2 |
Neurofibromatosis 2 Merlin/schwannomin protein |
|
|
P16 |
Melanoma Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A |
|
|
P53 |
Li-Fraumeni syndrome Most cancers Transcription factor for P21 Blocks G1 -> S phase |
|
|
PTEN |
Breast cancer Prostate cancer Endometrial cancer |
|
|
Rb |
Retinoblastoma Osteosarcoma Inhibits E2F Blocks G1 -> S phase |
|
|
TSC1 |
Tuberous sclerosis Hamartin protein |
|
|
TSC2 |
Tuberous sclerosis Tuberin protein |
|
|
VHL |
Von Hippel-Lindau dx Renal cell Ca Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a |
|
|
WT1/WT2 |
Wilms Tumour = Nephroblastoma |
|
|
Alkaline Phosphatase |
Mets to bone/liver Paget dx of bone Seminoma - placental ALP |
|
|
Alpha Fetoprotein |
Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatoblastoma Yolk sac = endodermal sinus tumour Mixed germ cell tumour Normally made by fetus - transiently elevated in pregnancy - high levels A/W neural tube and AB wall defects, low levels A/W Down syndrome |
|
|
Beta-hCG |
Hydatidiform moles Choriocarcinomas - gestational trophoblastic disease Testicular cancer Mixed germ cell tumour Produced by synctiotrophoblasts of placenta |
|
|
CA 15-3/CA 27-29 |
Breast cancer |
|
|
CA 19-9 |
Pancreatic adenoCa |
|
|
CA 125 |
Ovarian cancer |
|
|
Calcitonin |
Medullary thyroid cancer |
|
|
CEA |
CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen Nonspecific - produced by 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers Also produced by gastric, breast and medullary thyroid Cas |
|
|
Chromogranin |
Neuroendocrine tumours Carcinoid |
|
|
PSA |
Prostate specific Ag Prostate cancer Can also be elevated by BPH and prostitis |
|
|
EBV |
Burkitt lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma Nasopharyngeal Ca Primary CNS lymphoma - in immunocompromised pts |
|
|
HBV/HCV |
Hepatocellular Ca |
|
|
HHV-8 |
Kaposi sarcoma |
|
|
HPV |
Cervical and penile/anal Ca - 16/18 Head and neck cancer |
|
|
H Pylori |
Gastric adenoCa MALT lymphoma |
|
|
Liver fluke |
= Clonorchis sinensis Cholangiocarcinoma |
|
|
Schistosoma haematobium |
Bladder SCC |
|
|
Aflatoxins |
Hepatocellular Ca |
|
|
Alkylating agents |
Leukemia Lymphoma |
|
|
Aromatic amines |
Transitional cell Ca bladder |
|
|
Arsenic |
Angiosarcoma Lung cancer SCC |
|
|
Asbestos |
Bronchogenic Ca |
|
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
Centrilobular necrosis Fatty change |
|
|
Cigarette smoke |
TCC bladder Cervical Ca SCC/AdenoCa of esophagus Renal cell Ca SCC Larynx SCC + Small cell Ca lung Pancreatic adenoCa |
|
|
Ethanol |
SCC esophagus Hepatocellular Ca |
|
|
Ionising radiation |
Papillary thyroid Ca |
|
|
Nitrosamines - smoked foods |
Gastric cancer |
|
|
Radon |
Lung cancer |
|
|
Vinyl chloride |
Angiosarcoma |
|
|
Calcitrol |
Causes hypercalcemia Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
|
|
ACTH |
Causes Cushing syndrome Small cell lung Ca Renal cell Ca |
|
|
ADH |
Causes SIADH Small cell lung Ca Intracranial neoplasms |
|
|
Ab against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ |
Causes Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome - muscle weakness Small cell lung Ca |
|
|
Erythropoietin |
Causes polycythemia Renal cell Ca Hemangioblastoma Hepatocellular Ca Leiomyoma Pheochromocytoma |
|
|
PTHrP |
Causes hypercalcemia SCC lung Renal cell Ca Breast Cancer |
