Pathology

Front 1

hemorrhage

Back 1

a discharge of blood from the vascular compartment to the exterior of the body or into nonvascular body spaces

Front 2

hematoma

Back 2

hemorrhage into the soft tissues

Front 3

purpura

Back 3

diffuse superficial hemorrhages in the skin up to 1 cm. in diameter

Front 4

ecchymosis

Back 4

a superficial hemorrhage larger than 1 cm.

Front 5

petechia

Back 5

a pinpoint hemorrhage usually in the skin or conjunctiva

Front 6

hyperemia

Back 6

an excess amount of blood in an organ

Front 7

congestion

Back 7

passive hyperemia; engorgement of an organ with venous blood

Front 8

thrombosis

Back 8

formation within a vascular space of an aggregate of coagulated blood containing platelets, fibrin and entrapped cellular elements

Front 9

deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Back 9

thrombosis of the deep venous system of the legs

Front 10

stasis

Back 10

stagnation of the blood or other fluids

Front 11

embolus

Back 11

the passage through venous/arterial circulation of any material capable of lodging in a blood vessel, obstructing the lumen

Front 12

decompression sickness

Back 12

a unique form of gas embolism occurring underwater, where large amounts of inert gas are dissolved in body fluids forming gas bubbles in the circulation if the diver ascends too rapidly

Front 13

fat embolism syndrome

Back 13

caused by severe trauma to fat-containing tissue as occurs in bone fractures, where emboli of fat are released into damaged blood vessels; appears 1-3 days after the injury and may cause fatal respiratory failure

Front 14

infarction

Back 14

an area of ischemic coagulative necrosis produced by total occlusion of an artery (usually by a thrombus)

Front 15

pale infarct

Back 15

an infarct that becomes soft, light yellow and sharply delineated 1-2 days after the initial hyperemia; typical in heart, kidneys, brain and spleen

Front 16

red infarct

Back 16

an infarct that is distinguished by active bleeding into the site of coagulative necrosis from adjacent arteries and veins; typical in organs with a dual blood supply (lung) or extensive collateral circulation (small intestine, brain)

Front 17

septic infarct

Back 17

results when necrotic tissue of an infarct is seeded by pyogenic bacteria and becomes infected

Front 18

ascites

Back 18

edema fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 19

anasarca

Back 19

extreme generalized edema with conspicious fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissue, visceral organs and body cavities

Front 20

congestive heart failure

Back 20

a syndrome that occurs when the heart does not pump and adequate volume of blood to meet the needs of the body

Front 21

pulmonary edema

Back 21

increased fluid in the alveolar spaces and interstitium of the lung causing decreased gas exchange leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia

Front 22

cardiac tamponade

Back 22

a precipitous drop in cardiac output caused by pericardial fluid accumulation