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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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natural immunity
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bodily defense mediated by cells involved in the inflammatory responses; is not affected by prior exposure to the offending agent
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acquired immunity
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bodily defense mediated by specific sensitizing exposure to the offending agent (antigen); response is magnified by subsequent exposures to the same antigen
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T lymphocytes
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cells that recognize specific antigens on the surface of another cell, and respond by intrinsic factors or exogenous signals from extracellular molecules
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CD4 cells
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helper T lymphocytes
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CD8 cells
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killer or cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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B lymphocytes
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cells that bear membrane immunoglobulin and secrete antibody
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natural killer cells
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a subgroup of lymphocytes that have the capacity to recognize and kill various tumor and virus-infected cells
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mononuclear phagocytes (monos)/macrophages
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monos are found in virtually all organs and connective tissues, forming a filtering system for foreign material in blood; they also play a critical role in the induction of immune responses and resolution of inflammatory reactions
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major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
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an intricate system of membrane proteins that is the main target for the rejection of transplanted organs
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human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
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MHC antigen that allow for self-recognition during cell-cell interactions in the immune response
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hypersensitivity reaction -
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an immune response that results in tissue injury
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anaphylaxis
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Type I hypersensitivity reaction; localized/generalized reaction that occurs immediately after exposure to a previously sensitized antigen
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cytotoxic hypersensitivity
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Type II hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgG or IgM cytotoxic antibodies directed against antigen on cell surfaces or in connective tissue
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immune complex disease
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Type III hypersensitivity involves tissue injury mediated by immune complexes (Systemic Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis)
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serum sickness
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an acute, self-limited disease that occurs 6-8 days after an injection of a foreign protein; characterized by fever, arthralgias, vasculitis, acute kidney damage
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cell-mediated immunity
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Type IV hypersensitivity; an antigen-elicited cellular immune reaction that results in tissue damage but does not require the participation of antibodies
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delayed-type hypersensitivity
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a tissue reaction that occurs in response to the subcutaneous injection of a soluble antigen, reaching peak intensity 24-48 hours after injection
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hyperacute rejection
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occurs within minutes to hours after organ/tissue transplantation; mediated by preformed antibodies
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acute rejection
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occurs in the first few weeks after tissue transplantation probably involving both cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms
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chronic rejection
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occurs several months to years after transplantation and show histologic changes very different from the acute pattern
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graft-versus-host reaction (GVD)
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occurs in bone marrow transplantation when lymphocytes in the grafted marrow reject host tissues; also occurs when immunodeficient patients are transfused with blood products containing HLA-incompatible lymphocytes
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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a chronic, progressive, fatal disease caused by the human immunodificiency virus (HIV) infection and destruction of CD4 lymphocytes leading to impaired immune function and a variety of defects
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autoimmunity
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an immune response generated against self-antigens as a result of a breakdown in the ability of the immune system to differentiate between self and non-self antigen
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