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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pyelonephritis Acute: Affects _______ of kidney
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cortex
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Pyelonephritis Acute: Spares ____________
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glomeruli/vessels
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Pyelonephritis Acute: _______ _______ in urine are pathognomonic
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WBC casts
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name for a pupil that constricts with accomodation but is not reactive to light, and what is it pathognomonic for?
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Argyll Robertson pupil. Pathognomonic for 3' syphilis. "Prostitute's pupil" accomodates but does not react.
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detect what using apple green biorefringence on Conco red stain?
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amyloid
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most common cause of amyloidosis?
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primary light chain deposition seen with multiple myeloma.
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another cause of primary amyloidosis?
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Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
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Secondary amyloidosis can cause what in the kidney?
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nephrotic syndrome
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disease associated with beta amyloid deposition in cerebral cortex
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Alzheimer's
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islet cell amyloid deposition characteristic of what
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diabetes mellitus type 2
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peroxidase-positive cytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts, name and primary association
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Auer rods; primarily seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)
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treatment of AML M3 can release what, leading to what?
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release Auer rods, leading to DIC
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RBC casts indicate
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glomerular inflammation (nephritic syndromes), ischemia, or malignant hypertension
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how to determine if hematuria/pyuria is of renal origin
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presence of casts
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WBC casts indicate
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inflammation in renal interstitium, tubules, and glomeruli
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casts often seen in normal urine
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hyaline casts
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casts seen in chronic renal failure
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waxy casts
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ESR elevated in
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dramatically in infection, malignancy, connective tissue disease; also in pregnancy, inflammatory disease, and anemia
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ESR lowered in
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sickle cell anemia, CHF, and polycythemia
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Should ESR be used for asymptomatic screening
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No
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ESR used to monitor course of -----
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temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica
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ESR is expensive and specific. T/F
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false. Cheap and nonspecific.
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indicates TB granulomas with lobar or perihilar lymph node involvement
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Ghon focus and lymph node involvement, Ghon complex.
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Does a Ghon complex reflect primary or secondary TB?
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primary.
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plaque in blood vessel wall
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atheromata
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plaque or nodule composed of lipid-laden histiocytes in skin, especially eyelids
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xanthoma
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lipid deposit in tendon, especially Achilles
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tendinous xanthoma
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lipid deposit in cornea, nonspecific (arcus senilis)
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corneal arcus
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laminated, concentric, calcific spherules in tumor
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Psammoma bodies
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Psammoma bodies seen in:
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1. papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid 2. serous papillary cystadenoma of ovary 3. meningioma 4. malignant mesothelioma "PSaMMoma" Papillary (thyroid), Serous (ovary), Meningioma, Mesothelioma
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Biconcave RBC
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normal
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Spherocytes
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hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmmune hemolysis
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Elliptocyte
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hereditary elliptocytosis
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Macro-ovalocyte
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megaloblastic anemia, marrow failure
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Helmet cell, schistocyte
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DIC, traumatic hemolysis
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Sickle cell
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obviously sickle cell anemia
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Teardrop cell
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myeloid metaplasia with myelofibroblasts
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Acanthocyte
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spiny appearance in abetalipoproteinemia
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Target cell
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Thalassemia, liver disease, HbC
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Poikilocyte
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Nonuniform shapes in TTP/HUS, microvascular damage, DIC
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Burr cell
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TTP/HUS
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HLA B27
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Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Reiter's syndrome ("PAIR")
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HLA 13,17
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Psoriasis
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HLA DR2
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Multiple sclerosis, hay fever
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HLA DR3, DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type I
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HLA DR5
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Pernicious anemia -- B12 deficiency
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HLA DR7
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Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome
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