Pathology

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five types of benign epithelial tumors of the skin

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Seborrheic Keratosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Fibroepithelial polyp, Epithelial cyst, Keratoacanthoma

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Seborrheic Keratosis

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occur most frequently in middle aged or older individuals arise spontaeously uniformly tan to dark brown usually show a velvety to granular surface

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Acanthosis Nigricans

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thickened hyperpigmented zones of skin involving most commonly the flexural areas two types-benign and malignant

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Fibroepithelial polyp

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incidental finding in middle aged and older individuals on the neck trunk and face intertriginous areas as a soft flesh colored baglike tumor attached to skin surface by small often slender stalk

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epithelial cyst

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formed by downgrowth and cystic expansion of the epidermis or of the epithelium forming the hair follicle, cysts are filled with keratin and vairable amounts of admixed lipid containing debris derived from sebaceous secretions

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Keratoacanthoma

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rapidly developing neoplasm that clinically and histologically mahy mimic well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma

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the most common adnexal tumors of the skin are

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appendage tumors, eccrine poroma, cylindroma, syringoma, trichoepithelioma

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appendage tumors

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are often clinically nondescript solitary or multiple papules and nodules

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eccrine poroma

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occurs predominantly on the palms and soles

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cylindroma

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appendage tumor with apocrine differentitation usually occurs on the forehead and scalp where coalescence of nodules with time may produce a hatlike growth hence the name turban tumor

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syringoma

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lesions of eccrine differentiation usually occur as multiple small tan papules in the vicinty of the lower eyelids

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trichoepithelioma

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follicular differentiation are dominantly inherited when they are seen as multiple semitransparent, dome shaped papules that involve the face, scalp ncek and upper trunk

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the most common premalignant skin lesions

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actinic keratoses are usually less than 1 cm in diameter are tanbrown red or skin colored and have a rough sandpaper like consistency

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the most common malignant tumor of the skin of the older people is

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squamous cell carcinoma

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the four most common tumors of the dermis are?

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benign fibrous histicytoma (dermatofibroma), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Xanthoma, dermal vascular tumors

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Beging firous histiocytoma

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formed by benign spindle shaped fibroblasts arranged in a well-defined nonencapsulated mass within the middermis usually seen in adults often occur on the legs of young to middle aged women

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Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

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well differentiated primary fibrosarcoma of the skin slow growing locally aggressive rarely metastasize

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Xanthoma

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tumor like collections of foamy histiocytes within the dermis may be associated with familial or acquired disorders resulting in hyperlipidemia with lymphoproliferative

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dermal vascular tumors

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begning vascular neoplasms malformations mulitfocal angioproliferative lesions vascularized variants of other tumors and malignant vascular tumors

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mycosis fungoides

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mycosis fungoides is the T cell lymphoproliferative disorder that arises primarly in the skin and that may evolve into generlized lymphoma

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Vitilgo

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common disorder characterized by partial or complete loss of pigment producing melanocytes within the dermis

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Freckle (ephelis)

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most common pigmented lesion of childhood in lightly pigmented individuals will fade and reappear in a cyclic fashion with winter and summer respectively

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Melasma

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masklike zone of facial hyperpigmentation commonly seen in associated with pregnancy. presents as poorly defined blotchy macules involving the cheeks temples and forehead bilaterally

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Lentigo

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a common benign localized hyperplasia of melanocytes occurring at all ages but often in infancy and childhood

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what type of nevi are precursors of malignant melanoma

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Dysplastic nevi

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the most important clinical sign of malignant melanomoa is

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change in color of pigmented lesion

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what are the 5 clinical warning signs of melanoma?

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enlargment of preexisting mole, itiching of pain in preexisting mole, development of a new pigmentedlesion during adult life, irregularity of borders of pigmented lesion, variation of color within pigmented lesion

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Uritcaria

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common disorder of skin characterized by localized mast cell degranulation and resultant dermal microvascular hyperpermeability culminating in pruritic edematous plaques called whales

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Acute eczematous dermatitis

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characterized by red papulovesicular oozing and crusted lesion early on that with persistence eventuat into raised scaling plaques

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Erythema multiforme

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uncommon selflimited disorder that appears to be hypersensitivity response to certain infection and drugs

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Psoriasis

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most frequently affects the skin of hte elbows knees scalp lumbosacral areas intergluteal cleft and glans penis

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Lichen Planus

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pruritic purple polygonal papules are the presenting signs of the disorder of skin and mucosus membranes

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Pemphigus

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autoimmune blistering disorder resulting from loss of the integrity of normal intercellular attachments withing the epidermis and mucosal epithelium

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Bullous Pemphigoid

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distinct relatively common autoimmune vesiculobullous disease generally affecting elderly individuals bullous pemphigoid shows a wide range of clinical presentations with localized to generalized cutaneous lesions

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Dermatitis Herpetiformis

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charcterized by uritcaria and vesicles affects more males then females and age at onset is 3rd to 4th decade

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Verrucae

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warts-papillomavirus

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Molluscum contagiosum

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poxvirus

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Impetigo

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streptococcus

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tinea capitus

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fungus-dermatophyte

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tinea barbae

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fungus-dermatophyte

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tinea corporis

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fungus-dermatophyte

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tinea crura

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fungus-dermatophyte

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tinea pedis

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fungus-dermatophyte