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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Mullerian/paramesonephric duct system becomes what in the female GU tract?
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unfused portions become fallopian tubes, the fused the uterus and upper vagina
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What embryologic structure do the ovaries arise from?
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Germ cells
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Leukoplakic lesions of the vulva may be indicative of what underlying conditions?
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Vitilgo, inflammatory dermatoses, carcionma in situ, Paget disease or invasive carcinoma
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name two nonspecific inflammatory alterations of the vulva
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Lichen sclerosis-characterized by subepithelial fibrosis, Squamous hyperplasia-epithelial hyperplasia
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what are the 3 benign verrucous protuberances of the vulva
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Condyloma acuminatum, Mucosal Polyp, Syphilitic condyloma latum
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what is a Hidradenoma?
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a papillary hidradenoma is identical in appearance to intraductal papilloma of the breast most commonly on labia majora or interlabial folds
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what is the most malignant vulvar tumor and its precursors?
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Squamous cell carcinoma-vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, squamous cell hyperplasia, lichen sclerosus
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how does vulvar Paget disease differ from Paget disease of the nipple?
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In breast pagets 100% patients show underlying ductal breast carcinoma in vulvar lesions are most frequently confined to epidermis& adjacent hair folicles
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what is the most common primary vaginal cancer?
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Vaginal adenocarcinomas are associated with
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Diethylstilbestrol use by mother during pregnancy
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Sacroma botryoides is a tumor of
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Infants and children younger then 5
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Sacroma botryoides is a type of what tumor?
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Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Nabothian cyst
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retention cyst formed by the nabothian glands at the neck of the uterus
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risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
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early age at 1st intercourse, multiple sex partners, male partners with several previous sexual partners
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oral contraceptives are potential risk factors for what type of change in the cervix
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squamous intraepithelial lesions
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causes of acute endometritis
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bacterial infectios that arise after delivery or miscarriage
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causes of chronic endometritis
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Chronic PID,, retained gestational tissue, intrauterine contraceptive devices and tuberculosis
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adenomyosis
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some endometrial glands extend beneath the endomyometrial interface to form nests deep within the myometrium
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endometriosis
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the presence of endometrial glands or stroma in abnormal loctaions outside the uterus
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dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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abnormal bleeding in the presence of a functional disturbance rather than on organic lesion of the endometrium or uterus
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what is the stimulus for endometrial hyperplasia
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it is related to an abnormally high and prolonged level of estrongenic stimulation with diminution or absence of progestational ativity
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simple sqaumous hyperlasia
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uncommonly progress to adenocarinoma
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complex squamous hyperplasia
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less the 5% evolves to carcinoma
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Atypical squamous hyperplasia
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23% develop into adenocarcinoma
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what are the risk factors for endometrial carcinoma
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obesity, diabetes, hypertension, infertility
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what is the most common invasive carcinoma of the female genital tract
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endometrial carcinoma
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what is adenoacanthoma
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adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia
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what is MMMT?
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Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor-carniocarcinoma they consist of endometrial adenocarcinomas in which malignant differntitation takes place
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what are the three histologic criteria for the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma
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degree of nuclear atypia, mitotic index, zonal necrosis
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what is stein-leventhal syndrome
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polcystic ovarian disease with presistant anovulation obesity hirsutism and rarely virilism
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ovarian tumors arise from what three ovarian components?
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Surface epithelial stromal tumors, sex cord stromal tumors, germ cell tumors
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what microscopic feature is characterstic of serous papillary tumors?
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psammoma bodies
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what is a pseudomycoma pertonei?
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condition associated with mucinous ovarian neoplasms
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Benner tumor
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most are benign adenofibromas
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15 to 30% of endometroid carcinomas of the ovary are accompanied by
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a carcinoma of hte endometrium
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3 types of teratomoa
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Mature (benign) teratoma, Monodermal or specialized teratomas, Immature malignant teratoma
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what is the karyotype of all benign ovarian teratomas?
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46xx
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what is an immature teratoma comprised of?
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tissue that resembles that observed in the fetus or embryo rather then the adult
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what is the average age of incidence of immature teratoma
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18 years
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what are the two most common forms of monodermal teratoma
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struma ovarii and carcinoid
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what is dysgerminoma
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the female counterpart of a seminoma in the testis
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what is a call-exner body?
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small distinctive gland like structure filled with an acidophilic material resembling immature follicles associated with granulosa cell tumors
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describe a krukenberg tumor
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metastatic gastric carcinoma to one or both ovaries
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what is the triad of toxemia of pregnancy
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hypertension, proteinuria and edema
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what is the most common cause fo hematosalpinx?
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tubal pregnancy
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while most gestational choriocarcinomas are uterine what is the most common causee of extrauterine variety?
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ectopic pregnancy
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what is unusual about the metastasis patterns of choriocarcinoma
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on occasion metastatic choriocarcinoma is discovered without a detectable primary uterus presumably cuz the primary has undergone total necrosis
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name several placental abnormalities that may lead to intrauterine fetal demise
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interruption of blood flow thru cord, ascending infection involving membranes, retroplacental hemorrhage, rupture fetal vessels
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placenta accreta
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adherence of placenta to myomterium caused by partial or complete absence of decidua
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possible complications of placenta accreta
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post patrum bleeding due to failure of placental sepration, placenta previa-implant of placenta to lower cervix
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what are the 3 basic types of twin placenta
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dichorinic-diamnionic, monochorionic-diamnionic, monochorionic-monoamnionic
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what are two routes of placental infection and which is most common
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ascending infection thru the birth canal (most common), hematogenous (transplacental)
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cloudy amniotic fluid and yellow green opaque membranes are characterstic of what?
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actue chorioamnionitis
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what are two types of hydatidform mole?
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partial mole and complete mole
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