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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arteries are divided into catagories based on
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size and structural function
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list the three catagories of arteries
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Large or elastic arteries, Medium size or muscular arteries, small arteries
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list three layers of any artery in the body
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intima, media and adventitia
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a single layer of cells that line both arteries and veins are
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endothelial cell layer
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developmental weakness in the cerebral vessels in and about the circle of willis is
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Berry aneurysm
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abnormal communications between arteries and veins are known as
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arteriovenous fistulas
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arteriovenous fistulas may result in
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rupture of an arterial aneurysm into the adjacent vein from penetrating injuries that peirce the walls of artery and produce and artifical communication
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atherosclerosis
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formation of intimal plaques that often have a gummous core rich in lipid
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Monckeberg Medial Calcific Necrosis
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clacific deposits in medium sized muscular arteries in persons older then 50 yrs
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Arteriolosclerosis
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small arteries and arterioles hyaline and hyperplastic cause thickening of vessl walls with luminal narrowing that may induce downstream ischemic injury
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atherosclerosis
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characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas or fibrofatty plaques that protrude into the lumen weaken the underlying media and undergo a series of complications
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complications of atherosclerosis
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myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, aortic aneurysm, gangrene of legs, mesenteric occlusion, chronic ischemic heart disease
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list epidemiologic factors associated with development of atherosclerosis
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increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension
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what is the major component of total serum cholesterol that is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis
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Low density lipoprotein LDL
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what is the most important risk factor in coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accident
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hypertension
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arteries are divided into catagories based on
|
size and structural function
|
|
|
list the three catagories of arteries
|
Large or elastic arteries, Medium size or muscular arteries, small arteries
|
|
|
list three layers of any artery in the body
|
intima, media and adventitia
|
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a single layer of cells that line both arteries and veins are
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endothelial cell layer
|
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developmental weakness in the cerebral vessels in and about the circle of willis is
|
Berry aneurysm
|
|
|
abnormal communications between arteries and veins are known as
|
arteriovenous fistulas
|
|
|
arteriovenous fistulas may result in
|
rupture of an arterial aneurysm into the adjacent vein from penetrating injuries that peirce the walls of artery and produce and artifical communication
|
|
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atherosclerosis
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formation of intimal plaques that often have a gummous core rich in lipid
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|
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Monckeberg Medial Calcific Necrosis
|
clacific deposits in medium sized muscular arteries in persons older then 50 yrs
|
|
|
Arteriolosclerosis
|
small arteries and arterioles hyaline and hyperplastic cause thickening of vessl walls with luminal narrowing that may induce downstream ischemic injury
|
|
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atherosclerosis
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characterized by intimal lesions called atheromas or fibrofatty plaques that protrude into the lumen weaken the underlying media and undergo a series of complications
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complications of atherosclerosis
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myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, aortic aneurysm, gangrene of legs, mesenteric occlusion, chronic ischemic heart disease
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list epidemiologic factors associated with development of atherosclerosis
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increasing age, male gender, family history, genetic abnormalities, hyperlipidemia, hypertension
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what is the major component of total serum cholesterol that is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis
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Low density lipoprotein LDL
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what is the most important risk factor in coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accident
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hypertension
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what are the two types of hypertension and relative frequencies of each?
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Essential or primary 95% and secondary 5%
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what are the possible causes of secondary hypertension
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renal disease, endocrine abnormalities, cardiovascular,, neurologic
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examples of Direct infection vasculitis
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bacterial, fungal, viral, Rickettsial, spirochetal
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three major types of vasculitis
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Direct infection, Immunologic, Unknown
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list and describe most common pathologic findings of infectious arteritis
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mycotic aneurysm-vascular infections may weaken the arterial wall and result in the formation of a mycotic aneurysm
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aneursymal dilatation of the ascending and thoracic aorta occurs as the result of what specific form of arteritis
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obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum
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define giant cell arteritis and give another more common term for the disease
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Temporal arteritis most common of vasculitides is an acute and chronic often granulomatous inflammation of medium sized and small arteries
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what clinical marker is found in the serum of 90% of patients with Wegners granulomatosis
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C-ANCA
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Buerger disease is also known as
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Thromboagiitis obliterans
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Buerger disease is characterized by
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segmental thrombosing acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries principally the tibial and radial arteries
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vascular changes associated with Buerger disease are
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sharply segmental acute and chronic vasculitis of medium and small arteries with secondary spread to contiguous veins and nerves
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Raynaud disease
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paroxysmal pallor of cyanosis of the digits of the hands or feet and infrequently the tips of nose and ears cased by intense vasospams of local small arteries
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Raynaud phenomenon
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arterial insuffciency of the extremities secondary to arterial narrowing induced by various conditions including SLE scleroderma athersclerosis or Buerger diesease
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aneurysm
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an aneurysm is localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel that occurs most commonly in the aorta or the heart
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what are the two most important causes of true arotic aneurysms
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atheroclerosis and cystic medial degeneration
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true aneurysm
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bounded by generally complete but often attenuated arterial wall components blood remains within confines of circulatory system
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false aneurysm
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pseudoaneurysm-extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space the wall has been breached and the aneurysmal sac consists of only outer arterial layers
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the most common pathologic finding in dissecting aneurysms
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an intimal tear that extends into but not through the media of the ascending aorta usually within 10cm of the arotic valve
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TypeA dissecting aneurysms
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TypeA-more common and devastating proximal lesions invloving either the ascending portion or both the ascending and descending aorta
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TypeB disscting aneurysms
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distal lesions not involving the ascending part and usually beginning distal to the subclavian artery
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what is the hereditary disorder in which patients have high predilection for dissecting aneurysms and sudden death
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Marfan Syndrome
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varicose veins
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abnormally dilated tortuous veins produced by prolonged increased intraluminal pressure and loss of support of the vessel wall
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two types of varicose veins
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Esophageal varices and hemorrhoids
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what are the two most common factors associated with the development of varicose veins
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Posture and familial tendency
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list some of the more debilitating consequences of varicose veins
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development of persistent edema in the extremity and trophic changes in the skin that lead to stasis dermatitis and ulcerations
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thrombophlebitis
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venous thrombosis
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the most common site for the development of thrombophlebitis is
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DLV deep leg veins
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what are the clincal predispositions to thrombophlebitis
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cardiac failure, neoplasia, obesity, postoperative state, prolonged bed rest or immobilization
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superior vena cava syndrome
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obstruction of the superior vena cava caused by neoplasms that compress or invade the s vena cava moist commonly a primary bronchogenic carcinoma or mediastinal lymphoma
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the most common causes of inferior vena cava syndrome
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neoplams, propagated thrombus form femoral or iliac veins
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obstructive lymphedema
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occlusion of lymphatic drainage is followed by the abnormal accumulation of interstial fluids in the affected part
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most common causes of obstructive lymphedema
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malignant tumors, radical surgical procedures, post irradiation fibrosis, filariasis, post inflammatory thrombosis
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what are complications caused by rupture of obstructed dilated lymphatics into the peritoneum and pleural cavity
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Chylous acites, chylothorax, chylopericardium
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pyogenic granuloma
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polypoid form of capillary hemangioma that occurs as a rapidly growing exophytic red nodule attached by a stalk to the skin and gingival or oral mucosa
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telangiectasia
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group of abnormally prominent capillaries venules and arterioles that create a small focal red lesion
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three types of vascular ectasia
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Nevus flammeus, spider telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic tealngiectasia
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the two most common forms of hemangioma
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capillary hemagioma, cavernous hemangioma
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cystic hygroma
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cavernous lymphangioma is characterized by carvernous lymphatic spaces in the axilla or neck associated with turner syndrome
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glomus tumor
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bilogically benign but painful tumor that arises form modified smooth muscle cells of the glomus body
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hemangioendothelioma
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denotes vascular neoplasms showing histologic features and clinical behavior intermediated btwn beging and anaplastic angiosacromas
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hemangiopericytoma
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derived from pericytes the cells normally arranged along capillaries and venules-rare most common on lower extremities
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an intermediate grade vascular tuomr often seen in AIDs patients
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Kaposi sarcoma
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malignant hemagiomas are also known as
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angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma
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hepatic angiosarcomas are associated with which chemical carinogens
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arsenic, thorotrast and polyvinyl chloride
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