Pathology

Front 1

name the catagories of human infectious agents

Back 1

prions, viruses, bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons, bacteria, chlamydiae, rickettsia, mycoplasmas, fungi, protozoa, helminthes, ectoparasites

Front 2

the virulence of a microbial organism relates to its abiliity to

Back 2

adhere to host cells, invade cells and tissues and deliver toxic moieties

Front 3

name the three lines of natural defense to virulent micororganisms

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intact host skin, intact mucosal surfaces, and their secretory-excretory products

Front 4

bacteremia

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bacteria in the blood

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septicemia

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sustained bloodstream invasion and dissemination of pathogens manifested by fever low arterial pressure and other systemic signs and symptoms of septis

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mcirobial disease occuring in a predisposed individual is termed

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opportunistic infection

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a hospital acquired microbial disease is known as

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nosocomial infection

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suppuration

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the process of pus formation, charactrized by predominantly neutrophilic inflammation, caused by the presence of pyogenic microorganisms

Front 9

name the three types of pyogenic microorganisms

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Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Sterptococcus henmolyticus

Front 10

furuncle

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focal supporative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue either solitary or multiple or recurrent in successive crops

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carbuncle

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associated with deeper supppuration that spreads laterally beneath the deep subcutaneous fascia and then burrows superficially to erup in multiple adjacent skin sinuses

Front 12

osteomyelitis is frequently caused by what microorganism

Back 12

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 13

most cases of lobar pneumonia are caused by what organism

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 14

empyema

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purulent pleural exudate

Front 15

the greatest number of uncomplicated urinary tract infections is caused by what specific organims?

Back 15

Escherichia coli

Front 16

the most characterstic histologic hallmark of Mycobacterium infection is

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caseating granuloma

Front 17

what is the type of mycobacterial organisms that recieve the designation acid fast organisms?

Back 17

mycobacteria are anerobic nonspore forming nonmotile bacilli with a waxy coat that cuases them to retain the red dye when treated with acid in the acid fast stains

Front 18

what are the constituent parts associated with a primary tuberculosis infection and what is the eponym describing these parts?

Back 18

The ultimate residum of the primary infection is a calcified scar in the lung parenchyma and in the hilar lymph nodes together referred to as the Ghon Complex

Front 19

Miliary tuberculosis is

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Hematogenous dissemination or tuberculous lesion throughout the body

Front 20

the most common incidental autopsy finding associated an old tuberculous infection is

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fibrocalcified nodule

Front 21

Syphilis is caused by what microorganism and what is the morphology of this organism?

Back 21

Treponema pallidum is the microaerophilic spirochete that causes syphilis

Front 22

primary stage of syphilis

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occurs 3 weeks after contact with an infected individual features single firm nontender raised red lesion located at the site of temponemal invasion it heals within a few weeks

Front 23

secondary stage of syphilis

Back 23

occurs 2-10weeks after the primary chancre is characterized by a diffuse rash, particullary of the palms and soles that may be accompained by white oral lesions fever and lymphadenopthy

Front 24

tertiary stage of syphillis

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occurs years after the primary lesion is characterized by either active inflammatory lesion of the aorta, hear and CNS or by lesions of the liver, bone and skin

Front 25

the histologic hallmark of the inflammmatory reaction associated with syphilis

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intense infiltrate of plasma cells with scattered macrophages and lymphocytes and an obliterative endarteritis

Front 26

although rarely seen today what is the most common complication of tertiary syphilis

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aortitis

Front 27

gas gangrene is caused by what microorganism

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Clostridium pefringens

Front 28

clostridium pefringens is especially virulent in deep wound infection because

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gram positive bacillus that grows under anerobic conditions

Front 29

name three types of herpes virus

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Herpes simplex 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella Zoster virus

Front 30

Name two types of slow virus infection

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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-JC virus, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis-measles virus

Front 31

Candidiasis of the oral cavity is known as

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Thrush

Front 32

Nonseptate irregulary wide fungal hyphea with frequent right angle branching causing oppurtunstic infections are commonly refered to as

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Mucorrymycoses

Front 33

two special stains most frequently ordered for hte indetificaiton of fungi are

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Silver Stain and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)

Front 34

tangled masses of mycelia and Aspergillus within pulmonary abscess cavities are known as

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fungus balls

Front 35

pulmonary target lesions of necrotizing penumonia with sharply delineated round gray foci and hemorraghic borders are

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target lesions

Front 36

fungal infection by Coccidioides prominent in the SW US characterized by lung lesions fever cough and pleuritic pain and erythema nodosum is

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San Joaquin Valley fever

Front 37

yellow granules often seen on the cut surface of the hypertrophic tonsils are known as

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Sulfur granules-actiomyces

Front 38

the most common fungal infection of patients with AIDS

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Pneumocystis carinii

Front 39

pinworm disease is caused by what helminth

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Enterobius vermicularis

Front 40

lympphedema resulting from obstruction of the lymphatics by filarial worms is known as

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Elephantiasis

Front 41

Parasitic cysts frequently encountered in the liver are caused by what parasite?

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Echinococcus granulosus

Front 42

the classic histoligc change in sarcoidosis is?

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noncaseating granulomas

Front 43

sarcoidosis is more common in what racial group

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American Blacks

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Marasmus

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ovarall lack of calories, a marasmic child suffers growth retardation and loss of muscle the loss of muscle results from catabolism and depletion of the somatic protein comparment

Front 45

Kwashiorkor

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lack of protein despite a sufficient caloric intake it is characterized by peripheral edema, subcutaneous fat and enlarged fatty liver

Front 46

night blindness is usually due to a deficiency of what vitiman?

Back 46

Vitamin A

Front 47

Name the three clinical findings associated with Vitamin D deficiency?

Back 47

frontal bossing of the head, rachitic rosary widened ribs, bowing of the legs

Front 48

a deficiency of Vitamin K results in decreased levels of what clotting factors in the blood?

Back 48

II, VII, IX, X

Front 49

Vitamin D defficiency results in a condition known as

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Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults

Front 50

folate deficiency results in a condition known as

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megaloblastic anemia also results in neural tube defects

Front 51

a deficiency of Vitamin B12 results in a condition known as

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combined system disease

Front 52

massively obese individuals who have reduced total volume and suffer from carbon dioxide retnetion and somnolence suffer from the

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hypoventilation or pickwickian syndrome

Front 53

pneumoconiosis

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lung disease induced by organic as well as inorganic particulates and chemical fumes and vapors

Front 54

give the most common benign form penumoconiosis seen in autopsy pathology

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anthracosis

Front 55

what considering the diagnosis of asbestosis the finding of what is necessary

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abesstos bodies with in the lung tissue they can be identified by Iron or Prussian Blue stain

Front 56

the important determinates in the causation of pneumoconisosis are

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amount of dust retained in the lungs and airways, size shape and buoyancy of the particles, particle solubility and possible additional effects of other irritants

Front 57

the ingestion of ethyl alcohol its prime toxic effect after absorption by oxidation to acetaldehyde in

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the gastric mucosa and the liver

Front 58

if a patient comes to autopsy whose skin is bright cherry red and multiple petechiae are noted throughout the cerbral hemisphers the possibility of what should be considered

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Carbon poisoning

Front 59

the most characterstic hematologic finding of patients with lead poisoning is

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microcytic hypochromic anemia with punctate basophillic stippling of erythorcytes

Front 60

name several possible complication or oral contraceptive use

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breast CA, thromboembolism, hypertensionh, hepatic adenoma

Front 61

abrasion

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basically a scrape in which the supeficial epidermis is torn off by friction or force

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laceration

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irregular tear in the skin produced by overstretching it may be linear or stellate depending on the tearing focre

Front 63

acute gastroduodenal ulceration associated with burns are known as

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stress ulcers