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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the autoantibody in Graves' disease and what is the symptom?
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Anti-TSH receptor leading to hyperthyroidism
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What is the autoantibody in Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
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anti-thyroid peroxidase
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What is the autoantibody in type I diabetes?
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anti-insulin
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What is the autoantibody in myasthenia gravis and what is the symptom?
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anti-acetylcholine receptor leading to muscle weakness
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Where is the lambda gene located?
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chromosome 22
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Where is the kappa gene located?
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chromosome 2
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Where is the heavy chain gene located?
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chromosome 14
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IL-6
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produced by macrophages; proinflammatory cytokine
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IL-2
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produced by activated Th1 cells; augments T, LGL, and B cell activity
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IL-12
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produced by Th1 cells; suppressed Th2 activity
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Il-4 and IL-5
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produced by Th2 cells; activates B cells
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IL-10
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produced by Th2 cells; increases humoral immunity and decreases CMI
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IL-13
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produced by Th2 cells; activates B cells similar to IL-4
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What cytokines are produced by Th1 cells?
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IL-2, IL-12, and IFN gamma
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What cytokines are produced by Th2 cells?
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IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
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IFN-alpha
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leukocyte produced; inhibits viral replication; used to treat Hep C
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IFN-beta
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fibroblast produced; inhibits viral replication; used to treat MS
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IFN-gamma
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produced by Th1 cells; increases CMI
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IL-1
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produced by macrophages and activated Th cells; endogenous pyogen and promotes sleep
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TNF-alpha
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macrophage produced; causes vascular thromboses and tumor necrosis
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TNF-beta
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T cell produced; similar activity to TNF alpha
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What cytokines are part of the acute phase response?
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IL-1, IL-6, and TNF
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Where is the MHC gene located?
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chromosome 6
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HLA, class I
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present on all nucleated cells; bind and express endogenous antigen produced by cell
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HLA, class II
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present on B cells, monocytes, activated T cells, and vascular endothelial cells; bind and express exogenous antigen processed by cell
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What is the structural difference between HLA class I and II?
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class I has a beta2-microglobulin which is not encoded by the MHC gene
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What is the function of Th1 cells?
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promote anti-infectious organism immunity, especially intracellular pathogen like mycobacterium; primarily cell-mediated
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What is the function of Th2 cells?
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promote humoral immunity associated with allergic (IgE) responses such as anti-helminths, some autoimmune diseases, and some infections
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What is the function of Th17?
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activated by IL-23 to produce IL-17 response to gut bacteria, autoimmune bowel disease, and arthritis
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What causes a C-ANCA pattern on ethanol fixed cells?
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proteinase 3 (PR3)
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What cases a P-ANCA pattern on ethanol fixed cells?
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myeloperoxidase (MPO)
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What causes a C-ANCA pattern on formalin fixed cells?
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proteinase and/or myeloperoxidase
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