Pathology 2 Esophagus, Forestomach And Stomach

Front 1

What is congenital megaesophagus? Idiopathic megaesophagus?

Back 1

dilation of the esophagus due to persistency of the right fourth aortic arch- the aorta, pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosis

seen in great danes, irish setters, mini schmausers, labs, newfies and siamese cats

caused by a defect in vagal afferent innervation to the esophagus

Front 2

What is acquired megaesophagus?

Back 2

usually idiopathic

can be secondary so polymyositis, myesthenia gravis, hypothyroid, esophagitis and recurrent gastric dilation

can be caused by lead and thallium toxicosis

Front 3

What is the morphologic diagnosis for the lesion caused by Spirocerca lupi in the esophagus?

Back 3

pyogranulomatous esophagitis

Front 4

What is atresia?

Back 4

lack of development of a lumenal organ

Front 5

What is achalasia?

Back 5

motility disorder that can be congenital or acquired where the esophageal sphincter fails to relax

Front 6

Where do Spirocerca migrate through? What kind of climates do they occur in? What signs do you see clinically?

Back 6

Through aortic wall to esophagus
Warm
Dysphagia, aortic aneurysm, hemothorax, esophageal fibrosarcoma or
osteosarcoma, spondylosis deformans

Front 7

What are the possible esophageal neoplasms?

Back 7

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Papillomas, leiomyomas, fibrosarcomas

Front 8

What is the major cause of disorders of the rumen, reticulum and abomasum?

Back 8

change in diet

Front 9

What is bloat in runinants?

Back 9

overextension of rumen/reticulum by gases produced during fermentation

Front 10

What is primary bloat caused by in ruminants?

Back 10

nonvolatile acids of legume and ruminal fermentation lower the pH to 5

foam prevents eructation

compression is on diaphragm, reduced size of plural cavity

see respiratory failure , increased intrathoracic pressure and decreased venous return to the heart

Front 11

What is the cause of secondary bloat in ruminants?

Back 11

results from physical or functional obstruction or stenosis of esophagus causing failure to eructate
due to:
vagal indigestion
innervation disorder
esophageal papilloma/lymphosarcoma
esophageal foreign bodies

Front 12

What gross lesions are seen in bloat?

Back 12

generalized congestion on cranial thoracic inlet

bloat line (pale distal esophagus)

congested proximal esophagus

Front 13

What are causes of inflammatory disease in the esophagus of ruminants? What can the causes of death be from rumen atoney?

Back 13

1) Spread of infection
2) Ruminitis/Grain overload
Dehydration, systemic acidosis, circulatory collapse

Front 14

Bacterial rumenitis is secondary to? Mycotic rumenitis? What must proceed a bacterial or fungal infection of the rumen?

Back 14

Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis, mechanical trauma, antibiotic treatment
Mucosal lesion

Front 15

What species are gastric dilation and volvulus most common in?

Back 15

dogs

we see vascular compression, collapse and death

splenic displacement and twisted esophagus common

Front 16

What side is the abomasum displaced generally? What is the prognosis?

Back 16

Left
Generally non-fatal

Front 17

Who is gastric displacement and rupture common in? What is the most likely cause?

Back 17

horses

high fermentable grains

Front 18

What is an inflammatory disease of the abomasum? What infection is it associated with? Grossly?

Back 18

Braxy
C. septicum
Hemorrhagic

Front 19

What is the gastric septicemia of swine?

Back 19

occurs in septicemic conditions

baterial emboli lodge in the submucosal gastric vessels causes thrombosis, infarction and ulceration

Front 20

What is granulomatous gastritis?

Back 20

microbial invasion of the gastric wall

causes inflammation

histoplasma capsulation (dogs)

mycobaterium tuberculosis

Front 21

What is eosiniphilic gastritis?

Back 21

rare in most species but studied in dogs

see focal esosinophilic gastritis
diffuse eosinophilic gastritis
scirrhous eosinophilic gastritis

Front 22

What is the etiology of chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy? What does this cause the stomach to loose?

Back 22

Unknown
Protein loosing gastropathy

Front 23

What is Chronic Giant Hypertonic Gastropathy?

Back 23

seen in boxers, beagles,bull terriers and basenjis

unknown etiology

chronic gastritis results in mucosal permeability to serum proteins and results in protein losing gastropathy

Front 24

What is an ulcer?

Back 24

mucosal defect in which the entire epithelial thickness is lost, including the basement membrane

Front 25

What is the cause of ulcers in ruminants and pigs? Horses? Dogs and cats?

Back 25

high grain diet

NSAIDS

idiopathic

Front 26

What does uremic gastritis look like and what is the cause?

Back 26

mineralization or severe hemorrhage

renal failure

Front 27

What are other examples of causes for gastric lesions?

Back 27

gastric amyloidosis

pyloric stenosis

Front 28

What is a common parasite of the horse stomach? Ruminants? Pigs? Dogs?

Back 28

Gasterophilus

Haemonchosis and ostertagiasis

Hyostrongylosis

Physaloptera spp

Front 29

What are the common neoplasms of the stomach?

Back 29

Leiomyoma, leiosarcoma, lymphosarcoma

Front 30

What is the most common gastric neoplasia in horses? dogs and cats?

Back 30

squamous cell carcinoma
glandular neoplasms -> adenomas/carcinomas