Pathological Conditions ( Digestive System)

Front 1

achalasia

Back 1

decreased mobility of the lower 2/3 of the esophagus along with constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Front 2

anal fistula

Back 2

abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus usually connecting with the rectum

Front 3

aphthous stomatitis

Back 3

small, inflammatory, non-infectious, ulcerated lesions occurring on the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth (aka canker sores)

possible causes are emotional stress, food and drug allergies, endocrine imbalances, viral infections, and vitamin deficiency

heals 7-14 days

Front 4

appendicitis

Back 4

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

Front 5

celiac disease

Back 5

nutrient malabsorption due to damage small bowel mucosa

Front 6

cirrhosis

Back 6

disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative, causing injury to the hepatocytes

results in Portal hypertension and liver failure

Front 7

colorectal cancer

Back 7

presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

Front 8

constipation

Back 8

individual pattern of bowel elimination is characterized by a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements and the passage of hard, dry stools

Front 9

chron's disease

Back 9

digestive tract elimination of a chronic nature, causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia

Front 10

dental caries

Back 10

tooth decay caused by acid forming microorganisms

Front 11

diverticular disease

Back 11

expression used to characterize both diverticulosis and diverticulitis

increasingly common occurrence in persons of 45

Front 12

dysentery

Back 12

painful intenstinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food contain bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants

Front 13

esophageal varices

Back 13

swollen, twisted veins located in the distal end of the esophagus

Front 14

gallstones (cholelithiasis)

Back 14

pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization

Front 15

hemmorrhoids

Back 15

unnaturally distended or swollen vein in the distal rectum or anus

Front 16

hepatitis

Back 16

acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection, drugs, alcohol, toxins, or parasites

Front 17

hepatitis a virus

Back 17

frequently transmitted by the fecal- oral route or due to poor hygiene, contaminated water, or shellfish

Front 18

hepatitis b virus

Back 18

transmitted from blood to blood or body fluid of an infected individual to another individual and has the potential of leading to excessive destruction of liver cells

cirrhosis

Front 19

hepatitis c virus

Back 19

transmitted through the intravenous route in blood transfusions or when person's share needles, and progresses in about one-half of the cases to a chronic form of hepatitis

Front 20

hernia

Back 20

an irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity's muscular wall

Front 21

herpetic stomatitis

Back 21

inflammatory infectious lessions in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or secondary viral infection caused by herpes simplex

Front 22

Hirschsprungs's Disease

Back 22

abscense at birth of the autonomic ganglia in a segment of the intestinal smooth muscle wall that normally stimulates peristalsis

Front 23

ileus

Back 23

obstruction of the intestine

Front 24

intestinal obstruction

Back 24

complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the content in the small or large intestines

Front 25

intussusception

Back 25

telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine, usually in the ileocecal regionoccurs in infants and young children

occurs in infants and young children

Front 26

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 26

increased motility of the small or large intestine wall

abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia

trapping of gas throughout the intestines

Front 27

oral leukoplakia

Back 27

precancerous lesson occurring anywhere in the mouth

Front 28

pancreatitis

Back 28

acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas

Front 29

peptic ulcers (gastric, duodenal, perforated)

Back 29

break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract

results in hyperacidity or the bacteriumn

Front 30

periodontal disease

Back 30

inflammatory gum disorder

pus in gums

Front 31

polyps, colorectal

Back 31

small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum

Front 32

thrus

Back 32

fungal infection in the mouth and throat

produces sorry, creamy white, slightly raised curdlike patches on the tongue

caused by candida albicans

Front 33

ulcerative colitis

Back 33

break in the continuity of the mucous membrane ling of the colon in the form of uclers

watery diarrheal stools containing mucus, pus, or blood

Front 34

volvulus

Back 34

rotation of loops of bowel

causing a twisting on itself that results in a intestinal obstruction