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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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travel history
diarrhea |
ETEC
EAEC |
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3 bacteria structures for serotyping?
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O antigen - LPS endotoxin
H - flagellum K - capsule |
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components of O antigen
which one is responsible for toxic effects? |
lipid A (toxic properties)
core polysaccharide O-antigen side chain |
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what bacterial antigen causes fever/shock symptoms
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O-antigen
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lactose fermentation: negative
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salmonella, shigella
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H antigen negative
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Shigella
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lactose fermentation positive
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E. coli
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LT and ST toxin
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ETEC
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toxin affects GM1 ganglioside receptors
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ETEC (B)
V. cholera |
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diarrhea
adhering and effacing |
EPEC
EHEC |
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diarrhea
type III injection system |
EPEC
EHEC |
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penetrates M cells
quality of diarrhea? |
water/bloody but not severe
EIEC |
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diarrhea
traveler AIDS binding pattern? treatment? |
stacked-bricks to Hep 2
ciprofloxacin |
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diarrhea
diffuse/scattered attachment pattern |
DAEC
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diarrhea
excessive bleeding ate meat on a farm what receptor? culture? |
Gb3 receptor
sorbitol negative on MacConkey EHEC |
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diarrhea
renal failure avoid what medication? |
antibiotics
EHEC |
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besides diarrhea, what else does E.coli cause?
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UTI
neonatal meningitis |
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alcoholic pt
pneumonia |
klebsiella
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pt w/ IV catheter
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enterobacter
serratia |
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kidney stones
UTI |
proteus
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H antigen +
name of K antigen? |
Vi antigen
Salmonella |
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rose spots on trunk
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typhoid fever
Salmonella |
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Peyers patches
ileum what type of cells does it infect? |
macrophages in reticuloepithelial organs (liver, spleen, BM)
Salmonella typhi |
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membrane ruffling
fever diagnosis? treatment? |
MacConkey
Hektoen agar ampicillin Salmonella typhi |
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eggs
vomiting diarrhea fever |
non-typhoid salmonella
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reptile pet
who is at risk? |
neonates, immunosuppressed, elderly
non-typhoidal salmonella |
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how do you treat food poisoning w/ non-typhoidal salmonella?
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let it pass, no Antibiotics unless systemic
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which Shigella species causes HUS
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S. dysenteriae type 1
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which Shigella is most common in humans
response to lactose? |
ferments slowly
S. sonnei |
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bloody diarrhea w/ mucus
ulcerative lesions in colon cramping |
shigella
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2 creative mechanisms of shigella
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1. attracts neutrophils to break tight junctions so it can spread
2. invades intestinal cells from the the basolateral side |
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what population is shigella most found in?
type of transmission? |
daycares (kids <5)
person to person |
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what medicine to avoid in shigella?
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loperamide (antidiarrheal)
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relevant serotypes for cholera
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O1
O139 |
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oxidase positive
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V. cholera
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yellow colonies on TCBS agar
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V. cholera
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H antigen +
watery diarrhea mucus fleck - "rice water stool" |
V. cholera
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severe type of cholera
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gravis -> shock
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THE AT-SEA FIRE PARTY NORMALLY CONSISTS OF WHAT MINIMUN NUMBER OF PERSONS?
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15
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active toxin in cholera
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A1 fragment
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primary concern in treating cholera?
antibiotics? |
fluid/electrolyte repletion
doxy/tetracycline |
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epidemic along west coast
raw oyster restaurants |
V. parahemolyticus
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alcoholic gets an open wound from swimming
vomiting and diarrhea septicemia skin ulcer treatment? |
doxycycline
V. vulnificus |
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acute diarrhea
fever cramping both colon and small intestine cause? |
eating chicken
campylobacter |
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swam in a lake
acute diarrhea hypersensitivity - reactive arthritis Guilan-Barre age demographic? |
bimodal
Campylonbacter |
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how to treat campylobacter
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fluid/electrolyte repletion
erythromycin/azithromycin |
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diarrhea in kids
what disease and class? |
Group A rotavirus
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kid got rotavirus
has antibodies to what? |
VP6
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diarrhea
rotavirus what causes increase in fluid secretion from intracellular metabolism? |
NSP4 protein
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protection from rotavirus
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IgA
breastfeeding |
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diagnosis for rotavirus
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enzyme immunoassay
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child
irritability trouble sleeping dx technique? |
scotch tape swab
enterobias vermicularis (pinworm) |
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worms in the colon
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enterobias v
trichuris schistosoma |
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worm
lung migration |
ascaris
strongyloides hookworm (acyclo, necator) |
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eosinophilia
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ascaris
strongyloides hookworm |
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elevated IgE
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strongyloides
hookworm |
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worms in
small intestine |
ascaris
strongyloides hookworm |
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uritcaria
abdominal pain coughing how to treat? |
ivermectin
strongyloides |
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pt gets hyper/autoinfection of lungs and liver
what may have triggered it? |
corticosteroids
strongyloides |
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bumpy brown
immigrants what tests to diagnose? |
trichrome-stain
iodine-saline ascaris |
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which roundworms do you not use mebendazole for?
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strongyloides (ivermectin)
hookworm (albendazole) |
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adults have a hook that possesses cutting plates
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necator americanus (hookworm)
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iron deficiency anemia
ground itch |
hookworm
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hyper and autoinfection
which species could it NOT be? |
hookworm
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urticarial rash on buttocks
shock in immunosuppressed pt |
strongyloides
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scolex
proglottids |
taenia (tapeworm)
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pt who is nervous
can't sleep can't eat losing weight abdominal pain |
taenia saginata
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risk of cysticercosis
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taenia solium
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subcutaneous masses
vision problems seizures meningitis hydrocephalus what test? |
IgG in blood/CSF
taenia solium |
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cysticercosis to head
treatment? |
anti-epileptic drugs
praziquantel |
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sheep raising dog
what would you expect to find on surgery? |
hyatid sand
liver cysts ecchinococcus |
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small bowel
focal neurologic symptoms pulmonary HTN |
schistosoma japonicum
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africa
rash portal HTN hepatosplenomegaly |
schistoma mansoni
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katayama fever
pathogen? what does it lead to? |
schistosoma japonicum
serum sickness from granuloma formation around eggs - leads to fibrosis and liver damage |
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dysuria
pyruria what condition can this lead to? |
bladder carcinoma
schistoma hematobium |
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treatment for schistosoma?
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praziquantel
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treatment for schistosoma?
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praziquantel
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what are two specialized cells in the duodenum
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S cells - sense HCl and release secretin, which triggers biliary and pancreatic duct secretion of bicarb and water
I cells - sense fat/amino acids, secrete CCK |
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functions of CCK
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1. gallbladder contraction, relax sphincter of Oddi
2. stimulates vagal enzyme secretion from pancreas |
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found brown, black kidney stones
cause? |
brown - bacterial phospholipase hydrolyze bile to make FFA, precipitates w/ Ca
black - E.coli in bile duct makes gluconidase to deconjugate bilirubin |
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how is the formation of pigment stones different than gallstones?
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1) pigment stones can form in common bile duct
2) don't need a gallbladder |
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consequences of activating pancreatic stellate cells
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1. fibrosis
2. alter protein/calcium solubility (stone/plug formation) 3. obstruction 4. ductal hypertension |
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what are PanIN's?
what happens once they are formed? |
- precursor lesions for pancreatic cancer
- tumor cells produce factors for angiogenesis, neural invasion, and spread (become self-sufficient) |
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ultrasound failed to reveal source of biliary colic pain?
what next? |
CCK HIDA scan - measure ejection fraction
take out gallbladder |
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leukocytosis
elevated bilirubin schistocytes in blood left shift w/ toxic granulations in neutrophils treatment? |
STAT antibiotics
replete fluids ERCP or PTC (ascending cholangitis) |
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stunted growth
bowel obstruction by a bolus of worms occlusion of the biliary tract loefflers syndrome |
Ascaris
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What does Loeffler's syndrome consist of?
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cough
dyspnea hemoptysis eosinophilic pneumonitis |
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barrel shaped egg
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trichuris
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American south
mentally retarded pt rectal prolapse |
trichuris
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cysticerci found
most likely which tissue? |
CNS
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which worm has to be treated w/ surgery?
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echinococcosis
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allergic dermatitis
pruritic rash "swimmer's itch" |
skin penetration by schistosomiasis
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where do adult schistosome worms multiply?
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mate and lay eggs in veins, but excreted in feces and infect snails
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protozoa in which the trophozoite is larger than the cyst
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entamoeba histolytica
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single nucleus
central karyosome |
e. histolytica trophozoite
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spherical cyst
halo 4 nuclei uniform peripheral chromatin |
e. histolytica
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dysentery
colitis appendicitis toxic megacolon |
e. histolytica
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liver abscess
peritonitis pleural abscess cutaneous and genital lesions |
e. histolytica
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several weeks of abdominal pain
bloody diarrhea weight loss volume depletion necrotizing colitis (most serious) |
amebic colitis
e. histolytica |
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e. histolytica
which manifestation is associated with fever? |
amebic liver abscess
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erthrocyte inside
treatment? |
metronidazole
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disrupt brush border microvilli
villus atrophy (mannose binding lectin) |
giardia
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fever
chills leukocytosis RUQ pain enlarged liver |
amebic liver abscess
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vulvovaginalis
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enterobius vu
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largest worm
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ascaris
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flask shaped ulcer
treatment? |
metronidazole
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Large cytoplasm vacuole w/ starch - glycogen stain brown w/ iodine
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Butschliii
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Can reproduce by fission or spore
All you find Large homogeneous body, nuclei in periphery |
Blastocystis
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prom anterior NUCLEI
where do you find it? |
daycares
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Two nuclei
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dientamoeba
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Ciliate
One big kidney bean nucleus and a small nonvisible one Really large ulcer |
Balamtidium Coli
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Cocidium (entire life in host
ASymptomatic Animals Extra intestinal cysts in muscle |
Sarcocystis
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