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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe passive immunity.
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Receiving antibodies from an external source, thus the immune system is not challenged. This provides rapid, temporary protection. An example is the immunity provided from mother to child.
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What are the roles of passive immunity?
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preventing disease after known exposure, ease symptoms after disease, protect immunodeficient, block action of bacterial toxins.
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What is active immunity?
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When the immune system is challenged, either through a natural challenge or an artificial challenge (aka vaccine)
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List the five types of vaccines.
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Live, inactivated, subunit, recombinant vector, DNA.
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How is a live vaccine produced?
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A virus is grown under non-physiological conditions so as to adapt to these conditions. Thus, when inserted into the body, it will not be able to thrive.
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Describe the live vaccine.
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Composed of a live pathogen, has continuous antigenic stimulation, and enhances the immune response.
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Describe some potential problems with the live vaccine.
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May be ineffective for immunosupressed, may revert back to virulent form, and the vaccine viability must be maintained (problem in underdeveloped countries).
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What is an inactivated pathogen?
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One that cannot replicate.
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What is an adjuvant?
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Agent that is injected with the antigen to non-specifically enhance the immune response in inactivated vaccines.
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Describe inactivated vaccines.
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Pathogens that are inactivated by heat or chemicals, require multiple doses. Toxoid released to enhance antingen response from immune system. Usually administered with adjuvant.
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What is a toxoid?
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Inactivated toxin that enhances the immune response against certain antigens.
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Describe subunit vaccines.
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Contains specific antigenic component of pathogen. Naturally inactive. Antigen could be polysaccharide or protein.
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Describe polysaccharide subunit vaccines.
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T-independent antigens. Antibody response is poor, has no memory. Limited to IgM.
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What is a Conjugated Subunit vaccine?
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When polysaccharides are conjugated with a protein. Results in T-dependent response. More antibody, class switching, and memory.
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Describe the recombinant vector vaccine.
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Gene for the encoding antigen is inserted into a carrier, carrier is inserted into host. Antigen is presented which causes an immune response. Continuous antigenic stimulaiton. "Live vaccine"
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Describe the DNA vaccine.
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Antigen gene inserted into plasmid, then gene for antigen is inserted directly into the DNA of host. Gene expressed, antigen produced, seen as foreign, immune system response.
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What type of immune response does the DNA vaccine mediate?
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Cell and antibody mediated response.
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