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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active immunization
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a. With inactivated bacterial pathogens
b. With bacterial components or products |
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Inactivated bacterial vaccines
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1. Cholera vaccine
2. Anthrax vaccine 3. Plague vaccine |
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Cholera vaccine
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a. Only used for people who live or travel in affected areas
b. Only 50% effective in prevention for 3-6 months |
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Anthrax vaccine
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a. Not available to the public
b. Only used for people who might be exposed, such as veterinary or military personnel |
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Plague vaccine
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a. Used for lab personnel working with Y. pestis or those exposed to rodents in high risk areas
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Live attenuated bacterial strains
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1. Typhoid fever vaccine
2. Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG) |
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Typhoid fever vaccine
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a. Live attenuated strain or inactivated bacteria used
b. Given to high risk workers and to travelers who are going to parts of the world where typhoid is common c. Only short-term partial protection |
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Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
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a. Widely used in other countries but rarely in U.S. .
b. partial protection |
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Bacterial components or products as subunit vaccines
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Capsules
Toxins |
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Capsules of what?
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1. Haemophilus influenza type b
2. Pneumococcal diseases Streptococcus pneumonia |
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Haemophilus influenza type b
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a. Use of capsular polysaccharide linked to a protein antigen (conjugate vaccine) elicits antibodies that opsonize encapsulated bacteria that would normally be protected from immune system
b. Dramatically reduced incidence of bacterial meningitis in children |
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Pneumococcal diseases Streptococcus pneumonia
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a. Mixture of purified capsular polysaccharides from 23 most common types
b. Used for people over 65 |
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Toxins of what?
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1. Diphtheria toxoid
2. Tetanus toxoid 3. Pertussis toxoid for whooping cough |
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Diphtheria toxoid
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toxin denatured with formaldehyde
a. Routinely given to children b. 85% |
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Tetanus toxoid
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a. Routinely given to children
b. Adults get boosters every 10 years c. Nearly 100% effective |
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Pertussis toxoid for whooping cough
now in use (DTaP) |
a. Immunication recommended along with diphtheria and tetanus (DTP vaccine)
b. Adverse reactions to whole cell vaccine = refusal of use c. Often administered with one or more acellular Bordetella surface components (FHA, pertactin, fimbriae) |
