Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Developmental Disorders of Eye |
Cyclopia Congenital cataracts Microphthalmia Brushfiel's spots in Down's Syndrome Coloboma Retinitis pigmentosa (retinal dystrophy) |
|
|
Trauma of the Eye |
Blunt trauma Mechanical trauma by foreign objects Retroretinal hemorrhage: "shaken baby syndrome" Corneal abrasionPenetrating trauma Chemical trauma |
|
|
Corneal Abrasion |
- scratch of cornea - incredibly painful w/ eye watering - typically heals itself - work closely w/ OTs to work on compensatory syndromes |
|
|
Infections of the Eye |
Conjunctivitis - highly contagious Keratitis Dacryocystitis Hordeolum "stye" Blepharitis
Any part of your eye can become infected - causes visual problems - PTs can help them work around this |
|
|
Hypertensive Retinopathy |
Something wrong w/ retina - found upon a funduscopic examination of the eye (look straight ahead and shine a bright light in your eye)
Microanyeurisms, new vessel formation, hard and soft exudates, breading of vessels, dot and flame-shaped hemorrhages all show signs of untreated systemic hypertension - PTs can put an exercise regime together to combat hypertension |
|
|
Diabetic Retinopathy |
Can be proliferative or non-proliferative
Causes significantly impaired vision
Often is a first sign of diabetic problems so they will send the person for screening
PTs can prescribe exercises to combat the diabetes |
|
|
Glaucoma |
Increase in ocular pressure (inside eyeball) - can be from an increase in fluid, etc.
Causes progressive visual loss Not reversible, but can be treated - w/ medications to lower the pressure - want to catch it early Most common in elderly people
Can be closed or open angle glaucoma |
|
|
Cataract |
Senile cataract: most common form, found in 60% of people >70 years; cause unknown
Secondary cataract: caused by identifiable events or diseases, such as - trauma - radiation: cataract, cancer or occupationally related - inflammation - diabetes |
|
|
Medical Treatment for Cataracts |
- cut out cloudy lens and replace it w/ a new one - makes vision better than it was before
|
|
|
Neoplasms of the Eye |
Retinoblastoma: infancy - treated surgically and w/ medications Malignant melanoma: adulthood - involvement of eye and retina |
|
|
Diseases of the External Ear |
Trauma - minor trauma, avulsion, laceration
Infections - bacteria or viruses (most often); "swimmers ear"
Allergic otitis externa - allergic reaction
Tumor - benign or malignant tumors similar to those of the skin - malignant tumors: basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinomas |
|
|
Diseases of the Middle Ear |
Perforation of the tympanic membrane caused by sharp objects or barotrauma (really loud noises or pressure changes) - most of the time they heal, can have scarring, function is based on how well it heals
Acute otitis media - infectious or non-infectious - ear infection
Chronic Otitis - Cholesteatoma - glue ear |
|
|
Otosclerosis |
Most common cause of conductive hearing loss in middle-aged Americans
Inherited as an autosomal dominant trait
Affects 10% of whites and 1% of blacks
Bilateral, but one ear more affected than the other (sclerosis of the ear drum)
Pathology: deposition of newly formed bone on both sides of oval window - this is too thick and it doesn't conduct normally to allow info to be transferred to the brain for processing causing hearing loss |
|
|
Meniere's Disease |
Clinically presents as a triad - episodic vertigo lasting 1 to several hours - sensory hearing loss for low-frequency sounds - tinnitus (ringing in ears); this is the most troublesome for patients -- suicide
Pathogenesis - increased endolymphatic pressure resulting from unknown causes * fluid inside your inner ear |
|
|
Function of Vestibular System |
Proprioception of your head in space
|
|
|
To Maintain Balance |
- eyes; visual - inner ear = vestibular system - proprioception (sense of position) |
|
|
Vestibular System Disruption (Vertigo) |
causes a disruption of send of proprioception of your head - vestibular system connects w/ eyes - when your head is moving your eyes know your head is moving - w/ vertigo your eyes and vestibular system are not giving the same picture (conflict w/ each other) |
|
|
Types of Vertigo |
Meniere's Disease
Viral labyrinthitis
Vestibular neuronitis
Traumatic vertigo: head trauma
Peripheral vertigo, migrane-associated vertigo, other functional forms (most common) - something in the inner ear itself
CNS vertigo resulting from lesions of brain or lesions of cranial nerve VIII (more difficult to treat; less common)
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) - non-infectious, non-inflammatory vertigo that happens out of nowhere - crystals become stuck in canals |
|
|
Deafness |
Very common, affecting at least 28 million Americans
Classification: - conductive external or middle ear lesions (loss of tympanic membrane, otosclerosis) - sensory: cochlear abnormalities - neural: lesions of cranial nerve VIII or CNS |
|
|
PT Treatment of Deafness |
- alter the way we interact w/ patients - alters the way they interact w/ us (sign language) - hearing loss is progressive * use stethoscope and talk into it - hearing aids and know how to change batteries - don't assume that all old ppl are deaf |
