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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lipid sol. hormomes
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-carrier protien
-diffuse through plas. mem. and bind to nuclear rec. -androgens, gluco.cort., mineralcort., TH |
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water sol. hormones
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-free and unbound
-bind to cell surface receptor -insulin, PH, PATH |
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thyroid gland
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-release TRH to trigger TSh to tell TG to release TH. to increase engery and metabolism.-T3 precursor to T4
-Calcitonin- decreae CA levels |
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Parathryoid horomone
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-controls serum CA levels
-Low blood CA causes increase -High CA and MG cause a decrease |
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Endocrine Pancreas
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-responsible for metabolism
-diabetes mellitus common disorder -Langherna cells A= glucagon B=inslulin D=somoatstin and gastrin |
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insulin
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-decreases glucose levels
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glucagon
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increased by low glucose levels inhibits by high
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somatostatin
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produed by D cells
essentaila in the met. of fats carbs; and proteins |
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adrenal glands
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adrenal cortex and medulla
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adrenal cortex
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-glucocorticoids=effect car. met. (cortisol imp. in stress)
-mineralocorticoids=(aldosterone- aids in conservation of sodium) -Renin relasese ang. 1 to get ang.2 which relases Ald. |
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adrenal medulla
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epinephrine (adrenaline)
norep. (noradrenline) |
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posterior pituitary
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ADH-
oxytocin- lactation and contractions |
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ADH hypersecretioin
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SIADH
-fluid retention and weight gain -hyponatremia (NA levels diluted) -restrict fluids treat cause |
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ADH hyposecretion
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-Diabetes insipidus
-polyuria -polydypsia -weight loss -fluid replacement -give meds and I O (Post Pit) |
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Anteriorior pit gland disorders
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gigantism- overproduce GH
Acromelagy- bones get wider and thicker |
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thryoid gland disorders
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-goiter, hyper, hypo, storm, mydexema
all disorders of TH |
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hyperthyroidism
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-high TH
-Graves/ Hashimotos -autoimmune -exopthalmos (big eyes), goite= |
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hyperthoridism Thyroid storm
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-cuased by stressors
-acute but rare, life threat emerg. -shock, high temp tachy. |
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hypothryoidism
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low TH
-Prmary cause- destruciton of thyoid tissue. Iodine def., atrophy of thy. gland (most com. in US.) -Secondary- inadeq. secretion of TSH from pit. due to disease or hypothal. failure -symptoms vague memory imparemtn. fatigue lethargy -low t3/4 levels -treat with thy. replacemtn |
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Myexedema (Hypothryoidism)
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chronic
-medical emergyencey -treat w/ TH iv -low temp w/ out shivering |
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parathyroid gland
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regluates vit d and calcium
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hyper PTH
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-increase PTH
-hypercalcemia w/ hyppohsph. -primary beinign neoplasm secondary hypocalcemia tert. hyperplasia of PT gland -patholgic fractures |
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hypo PTH
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low PTH
-accidental removal of PT -hypocalcemia -treat w/ calcium salts |
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Addison's
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-aderenal insuffisency-
-doesnt produce enough steroids -weakness, orthostatic hypotension |
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cushings
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excess glucocorticoids (cortisol)
-cause = exogenous - admin. prednisone endogenous- ACTh secreting PH (cushings disease) or adrenal tumor -weight gain fat in face |
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pheochromocytoma
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neoplasm of trhe adrenal medulla which produeces excessive Catecholamines (ep. norep.)
-tream w/ remove tumor |
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normal fasting glucose
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less than 110 in morning (70-99)
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imparied fasting glucose
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100-126
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impaired glucose tolerance
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140-200
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Oral glucose tolerance test
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drink sugary solution, 75 gm glucose
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glycosylated hemoglobin
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lab test, used for treatment, see if someone has been treating their diabetes well or just behvaing when its almost check up time
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type 1 diabates
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-10 % have a first degree relative w/ it
-lack of insulin and excess of glucagon |
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type 2 diabetes
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-more common than type 1
-most patients are obsese -insulin resistance w/ inadequate insulin secretion |
