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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Barret's esophagitis
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Cells in the esophagus undergo dysplasia; may be precursor to adenocarcinoma
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what is melena
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black tarry stools
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term used for bright red blood per rectum
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hematochezia
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MC pathogen assoc. with community acquired pnuemonia
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Strepocaccus Pneumonia(gram +)
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MC pathogen assoc with nosocomial acquired pneumonia
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Pseudomonas (gram -)
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sign to detect cholecystitis
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Murphy's sign
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sign to dectect appendicitis
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obturator and ileopsoas sign;
also tenderness at McBurney's point |
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MCC of pneumonia assoc with morbidity and mortality in the world
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TB
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type of diarrhea where the food intake contributes to the patient's diarrhea
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Osmotic diarrhea
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where does gas exchange take place?
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terminal bronchials and alveolar ducts and sacs
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alveolar cells that participate in gas exchange
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Type I
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what is the concentration and partial pressure of oxygen in the air
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around 21%, 152mmHg
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Def. of Ventilation
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movement of gases into and out of the lungs resulting from a change in chest volume
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Def. of perfusion
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delivery of oxygenated blood to the tissues
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where do Loop diuretics exert their effects
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in the thick ascending loop of Henle
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Types of diuretics
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Loop
Thiazide Potassium sparing |
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what is the vasa recta
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a series of capillaries that descend from the cortex into the medulla
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How do Loop diuretics work?
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they affect the ascending loop by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl transport system. Results in <Na and K reabsorption and > calcium and magnesium elimination
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Most reabsorption of protein and electrolytes takes place here
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the proximal convoluted tubule
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the beginning to the collecting duct
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Bowman's capsule
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persistent proteinuria is a sign of?
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Kidney disease
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what is hydronephrosis
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obstruction of the ureter causing back up of fluid
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what do the serum creatinine levels reflect?
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the glomerular filtration rate
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what is creatinine
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a byproduct of creatine metabolism by the muscle; it is filtered but not reabsorbed in the kidney
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what is BUN
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a measure of protein metabolism and eliminated entirely by the kidneys; it is influenced by protein intake, GI bleed
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what is cholestasis
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decrease in bile flow throught he intrahepatic canaliculi and the reduction of water, bilirubin, and bile acids by the hepatocytes
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this substance increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
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alcohol
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Charcot's triad
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Jaundice
Fever RUQ pain |
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contents of bile
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cholesterol, bilirubin, lecithin, bile salts
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what stimulates the gallbladder to contract
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CCK
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what do the islets of langherhan do?
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they make insulin and glucagon
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role of histamine in digestion
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stimulates gastric secretion of HCL and goblet cell secretion
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role of intrinsic factor
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allows for the binding of B12 in the intestine
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enterohepatic circulation
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reabsorption of bile and intrinsic factor at the terminal ileum
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2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
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ulcerative colitis
Crohn's Disease |
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an inflammatory bowel disease that is usually confined to the rectum and colon
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ulcerative colitis
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