Patho Test 4

Front 1

Failure of detumescence causes ischemia in this condition

Back 1

What is priapism?

Front 2

Condition where excess fluid is present in the tunica vaginalis

Back 2

What is a hydrocele?

Front 3

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle) is a direct cause of this

Back 3

What is infertility?

Front 4

An inflammation of the cervix that causes mucopurulent drainage

Back 4

What is acute cervicitis?

Front 5

STD polymicrobial infection that leads to inflammation of the female upper reproductive tract causes this disease

Back 5

What pelvic inflammatory disease?

Front 6

In lactating women, mastitis is the result of this

Back 6

What is ascending bacterial infection?

Front 7

Leiomyomas usually develop in this part of the uterus

Back 7

What is the corpus?

Front 8

The STD that causes a vaginal discharge that is characteristically frothy and green

Back 8

What is Trichomonas?

Front 9

This STD is caused by intracellular parasites

Back 9

What is Chlamydia trachomatis?

Front 10

While in its dormant stage, herpes simplex virus resides and replicates in this structure

Back 10

What is the dorsal root ganglia?

Front 11

This hormone lowers blood calcium levels and decreases bone resorption

Back 11

What calcitonin?

Front 12

Membrane that covers bones, except at their articular ends

Back 12

What is periosteum?

Front 13

Severe vitamin C deficiency slow bone growth by impairing this in growing bone

Back 13

What is organic matrix formation?

Front 14

Fractures occurring in bones that are weakened by disease are called this

Back 14

What are pathologic fractures?

Front 15

In contrast to structural scoliosis, postural scoliosis corrects with this

Back 15

What is bending?

Front 16

Osteonecrosis is most often caused by this

Back 16

What is bone marrow ischemia?

Front 17

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease with joint manifestations described as this

Back 17

What is polyarticular?

Front 18

The most commonly occurring early symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus include this

Back 18

What are arthralgias?

Front 19

Skin disorders that cause blister formation involve this structure, located between the epidermis and dermis

Back 19

What is the basal lamina?

Front 20

The skin structures that become inflamed in acne

Back 20

What are sebaceous glands?

Front 21

These cells in the epidermis protect against ultraviolet radiation damage

Back 21

What are melanocytes?

Front 22

Onychomycosis initially causes the toenail to appear this way, as the fungus digests the nail keratin

Back 22

What is opaque?

Front 23

Papulosquamous dermatoses, such as psoriasis are characterized by these

Back 23

What are scaling papules?

Front 24

In an elderly person, an actinic keratosis is considered to be this

Back 24

What is a premalignant lesion?

Front 25

The presence of these lesions help differentiate Candida albicans fungal infection from tinea fungal infection

Back 25

What are satellite lesions?

Front 26

Risk factors for erectile dysfunction due to penile arterial insufficiency

Back 26

• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Cigarette smoking
• Diabetes mellitus
• Pelvic irradiation

Front 27

Testicular torsion

Back 27

• a twisting of the spematic cord that suspends the testis.
• Most common acute scrotal disorder in the pediatric and young adult population.

Front 28

Complications of benign prostate hypertrophy

Back 28

• Exherts its effect through obstruction of urinary outflow from the bladder

Front 29

Cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia is associated with:

Back 29

human papilloma virus infection

Front 30

Endometriosis

Back 30

• The condition in which functional endometrial tissue is found in ectopic sites outside the uterus. Cause is unknown.

Front 31

Leiomyomas usually develop where?

Back 31

in the corpus of the uterus

Front 32

Characteristics of gonorrhea infection in males

Back 32

• Initial symptoms are urethral pain and a creamy, yellow, sometimes bloody discharge.
• May become chronic and affect the prostate, epididymis and periurethral glands.

Front 33

Ulcerative STDs increase the risk of:

Back 33

HIV transmission

Front 34

Common vaginal infection that is spread through sexual contact

Back 34

• Candidiasis
• Trichomoniasis
• Bacterial vaginosis

Front 35

Cancellous type of lamellar bone has high:

Back 35

tensile strength

Front 36

Joint capsules

Back 36

• consists of 2 layers
• outer fibrous layer
• inner membrane (the synovium) which surrounds the tendons that pass through the joints and the free margins of other intra-articular structures such as ligaments and menisci. Permit stretching of the synovium so that movement can occur without tissue damage

Front 37

Chronic osteoporosis causes a high risk of:

Back 37

falling and fracturing a hip

Front 38

Pathologic fractures

Back 38

• Occurs in bones that are already weakened by disease or tumors. May occur spontaneously with little or no stress. Underlying disease can be local (i.e. infection, cyst or tumors) or generalized (i.e. osteoporosis, paget disease or disseminated tumors)

Front 39

Developmental hip dysplasia might be indicated by

Back 39

gluteal fold asymmetry

Front 40

After a fracture inflammation increases the risk of

Back 40

compartment syndrome

Front 41

Mechanical stress prevents bone atrophy and promotes

Back 41

osteoblast activity

Front 42

Contrast osteoporosis with osteomalacia

Back 42

• Osteoporosis – is characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of the architecture of cancellous bone with a subsequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.
• Osteomalacia – is a generalized bone condition in which inadequate mineralization of bone results from a calcium or phosphate deficiency, or both.
o Although both conditions have to do with bone strength, osteoporosis and osteomalacia have to do with two different aspects of bones. Osteoporosis refers to the degeneration of already constructed bone, making them brittle, while osteomalacia is an abnormality in the building process of bone, making them soft.

Front 43

Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with:

Back 43

HLA-B27 antigen

Front 44

Characteristics of osteoarthritis syndrome

Back 44

• It is the leading cause of disability and pain in the elderly.
• It can occur as a primary idiopathic disorder or as a secondary disorder, atlthough this distinction is not always clear.
• It can be localized or generalized.
• Joint changes associated with OA, which include progressive loss of articular cartilage and synovitis, result from the inflammation caused when cartilage attempts to repair itself.
• Age and gender interact to influence the time of onset and, with race, the pattern of joint involvement in OA.
• Obesity is a particular risk factor OA of the knee in women and a contributory biomechanical factor in the pathogenesis of the disease

Front 45

Amenorrhea leads to premature:

Back 45

osteoporosis in female athletes

Front 46

Sebaceous glands =

Back 46

pilosebaceous unit of the skin

Front 47

Acne is:

Back 47

• Is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit.
• Acne lesions consist of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and in severe cases cysts.

Front 48

Unlike hair...

Back 48

nails grow continuously

Front 49

Allergic and hypersensitivity dermatoses are characterized by

Back 49

epidermal edema

Front 50

Factors in the creation of pressure ulcers

Back 50

• Pressure
• Shear forces
• Friction
• Moisture