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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normal level of sodium
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135-145 mEq/L
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substances that dissociate in solution to form charged particles or ions
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electrolytes
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major electrolyte in the blood
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sodium
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types of lympocytes
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B cells
T cells Natural killer cells |
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absolute decrease in all white blood cells
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leukopenia
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decrease in neutrophils only
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neutropenia
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decrease in all myeloid cells
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aplastic anemia
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when WBCs are formed and differentiate in the bone marrow, and neoplasms arise here, they cause....
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leukemias or plasma cell dycrasias
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when WBCs travel from the bone marrow to the lymphoid organs to develop and mature, neoplasms arise here and form...
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lymphomas
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Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin.
-examples of what disorder |
lymphomas
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part of multiple myeloma
-excreted in urine, damage to kidneys |
Bence-Jones Proteins
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plasma cell tumors
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plasmacytomas
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substances that dissociate in solution to form charged particles or ions
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electrolytes
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major electrolyte in the blood
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sodium
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excessive urine output
hypertonic dehydration |
diabetes insipidus
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decreased ADH production
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neurogenic- diabetes insipidus
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decreased renal response to ADH
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nephrogenic- diabetes insipidus
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failure of negative feedback
decreased urine output dilutional hyponatremia |
SIADH- syndrome of inappropriate ADH
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lowers resting potential away from threshold
-cells fire less easily |
hypokalemia
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raises resting potential toward threshold
-cells fire more easily |
hyperkalemia
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-maintains intracellular osmolarity
-controls cell resting potential -needed for Na+/K+ pump |
potassium
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-cofactor in enzymatic reactions (ATP, DNA replication, mRNA production)
-regulates Ca+ levels by binding to receptors -levels regulated by kidney |
magnesium
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blocks Na+ gates in nerve & muscle cells
-controls excessive firing (tetany) |
extracellular calcium
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a substance capable in solution of neutralizing both acids and bases and thereby maintaining the original acidity or basicity of the solution
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buffer
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pH is determinded by..
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the number of acids and bases in the blood
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-excessive CO2 level
-ineffective respiration |
respiratory acidosis
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-decreased levels of CO2
-excessive respiration |
respiratory alkalosis
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-increased levels of keto or lactic acid (H+)
-decreased bicarbonate levels |
metabolic acidosis
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-decreased H+ levels
-increased bicarbonate levels |
metabolic alkalosis
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normal levels of pH
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7.35-7.45
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normal levels of PaCO2
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35-45 mm Hg
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normal levels of HCO3
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22-26 mEq/L
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