Patho Pearls

Front 1

what is the main blood flow to the brain supplied by?

Back 1

two internal carotid artieries anteriorly, and the vertebral arteries posteriorly

Front 2

this artery supplies the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes and the anterior half of the thalamus, corpus striatum, part of corpus callosum and anterior limb of internal capsule

Back 2

anterior cerebral artery

Front 3

this artery supplies the lateral basal ganlia, the insula, then emerges on the lateral cortical surface supplying the infer. frontal gyrus, motor frontal cortex concerned with delicate hand control

Back 3

middle cerebral artery

Front 4

this artery is the major vascular source for the language cortices, the primary and assoc. auditory cortex

Back 4

middle cerebral artery

Front 5

weakness of elbow and wrist extention-patient has wrist drop. sat. nite palsey. where is the lesion?

Back 5

radial nerve palsey

Front 6

atrophy of the thenar eminence, weakness of wrist, thumb, index and middle finger, thumb opposition, forarm pronation...where is the lesion?

Back 6

medial nerve lesion

Front 7

also known as "clawhand", cannot oppose little finger, where is the lesion?

Back 7

ulnar nerve lesion

Front 8

weakness of elbow, an din flexion of elbow and in forearm suppination, absent biceps reflex, where is lesion?

Back 8

musculocutaneous lesion

Front 9

a 26 year old man suddenly develops weakness and hyporeflexia and mild sensory loss in the lower extremeties, which in several hours ascends to involve the upper extremeties at which time he also develops respiratory failure. a tracheotomy is performed. he recovers in 6 weeks. where is lesion

Back 9

L/R spinal cord. classic presentation of guillain barre which affects multiple spinal cord roots

Front 10

a 56 Y/O man with a hx of a painless penile ulcer x many years and several months later a diffuse body rash, especially on the palms and soles is found to have: shooting pains, decreased proprioception stereognosois in both lower extremeties. where is the lesion?

Back 10

L/R spinal cord/nerve root. this is a classic presentation of a systemic illness rather than a traumatic injury. this particular symptom complex is decriptive of tertiary CNS syphilis

Front 11

this lateral sulcus separates the temproal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Back 11

sylvius

Front 12

this central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Back 12

rolando

Front 13

which term describes a patient who is drowsy, falls asleep quickly, but is able to respond appropriately after being aroused

Back 13

lethargic

Front 14

celexa, lexapro, paxil and prozac are all examples of?

Back 14

SSRI's. ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Front 15

xanax, valium, ativan, klonopin, librium and triazolam are all examples of?

Back 15

anxiolytics. bind to GABA.

Front 16

abnormal behavior caused by an electrical discharge from neurons in the cerebral cortex?

Back 16

seizure

Front 17

what is the most common disorder encountered in pediatric neurology?

Back 17

seizure activity

Front 18

these originate in a small group of neurons in one hemisphere, with secondary spread of seizure activity to other parts of the brain

Back 18

partial seizures

Front 19

..."the result of unconscious conflicts over events in an individual's past..." is a theory that once explained what illness?

Back 19

psychiatric illnesses in general

Front 20

alterations in thought, mood or behavior that may interfere with a person's ability to engage in ordinary social interactions and may in some instances require temporary or long term instit. is describing?

Back 20

psychiatric disorders

Front 21

numbness, tingling, or burning that may occur in the face, hand, feet, finger or toes?

Back 21

parasthesia

Front 22

moderate loss of motor function around the T10 dermatone would suggest?

Back 22

paraparesis

Front 23

if your patient fails the pronator drift test, what does this suggest?

Back 23

oif one forearm pronates, it suggests a contralateral lesion in the corticospinal tract

Front 24

if your patient fails the romberg test, what might this suggest?

Back 24

that they are depending on their eyesight for balance as they have ataxia due to loss of position sense

Front 25

an abnormality due to cerebellar disease when one movement cannot be followed quickly by its oppposite movements.

Back 25

dysdiadochokinesesis or failure of the rapid alternating movements test

Front 26

a gait that lacks coordination with reeling and instability is called?

Back 26

ataxia

Front 27

what are some causes for delirium?

Back 27

delirium tremens (ETOH withdrawl)
Uremia
acute hepatic failure
acute cerebral vasculitis
atropine poisioning

Front 28

disorder of language

Back 28

aphasia

Front 29

defective articulation

Back 29

dysarthria

Front 30

this system is primarily regulated by the nigrostriatal pathway, a neural network located in the brain that is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement.

Back 30

extrapyramidal system

Front 31

this type of spinal motor reflex controls muscle tone and helps maintain posture. It can be tested by performing DTR function test

Back 31

myotatic or stretch reflex

Front 32

weakness and tingling at the base of thumb and forefinger, palpable tenderness over the anterior part of wrist, poor wrist strength is indicitive of what nerve palsy?

Back 32

median

Front 33

what is the MC cause of dementia

Back 33

alzheimer's

Front 34

an active polyneruopathy, increased motor weakness, symptoms of paresthesia, usually follows infection.

Back 34

guillain barre

Front 35

sudden onset of numbness, paralysis affecting arms and legs with difficulty speaking

Back 35

brain attack/stroke

Front 36

the brain and spinal cord make up the

Back 36

CNS

Front 37

this lobe of the brain is responsible for taste, hearing, smell and interpretation of spoken language

Back 37

temporal lobe

Front 38

this lobe of the brain is responsible for voluntary muscle movements, broca's, personality, behavioral fxns,intellectual judgement, memory, problem solving

Back 38

frontal lobe

Front 39

this lobe coordinates and interprets sensory info from the opposite side of the body

Back 39

parietal

Front 40

this region regulates respiratory function, and is the reflex center for the 5th -8th cranial nerves (chewing)

Back 40

pons

Front 41

this system influences the intiation, modulation and completion of movement.

Back 41

EPS

Front 42

what parts make up the EPS?

Back 42

corpus striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra