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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Average Intraocular pressure
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15.5 ± 2.5 mmHg
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Pressure that is considered to have ocular hypertension
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consistently above 21mmHg
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Glaucoma's effects on optic disk
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Progressive increase in cup size and visual field
Vertical elongation of cup General peripheral field constriction Isolated scotomas Reduced contrast sensitivity Reduced peripheral acuity Altered color vision |
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definition of glaucoma
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Progressive IRREVERSIBLE optic nerve damage resulting in changes in the optic disk that are associated with loss of visual field
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Pretrabecular open angle glaucoma
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secondary glaucoma
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trabecular open angle glaucoma
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secondary glaucoma
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Post-trabecular open angle glaucoma
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secondary glaucoma
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Risk factors for primary OAG
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IOP
Age African American race Family history Thinner central corneas Larger vertical cup-disk ratios |
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Etiologies of primary OAG
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increased risk factors
progressive optic neuropathy decrease IOP reduces the risk of glaucomatous progression |
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Diagnose primary OAG
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Evaluation of the optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer
Visual field assessment IOP |
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Pathophysiology of POAG
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Fluid cannot flow effectively through the trabecular meshwork
↑ IOP leads to damage of optic nerve and subsequent vision loss Progressive enlargement of the optic nerve cup Permanently decreased visual field |
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Causes of open angle glaucoma
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Systemic disease
Trauma Surgery Rubeosis Lens changes Ocular inflammatory diseases Medications |
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Pathophysiology of closed angle glaucoma
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Mechanical blockage of the trabecular meshwork by peripheral iris
Partial or complete blockage of meshwork occurs intermittently |
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Signs of closed angle glaucoma
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Hyperemic conjunctiva
Cloudy cornea Shallow anterior chamber Elevated IOP (40-90) when symptoms are present |
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Symptoms of closed angled glaucoma
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Blurred or hazy vision
Halos around lights Headache Ocular pain or discomfort N/V/abdominal pain |
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Clinical presentation of closed angle glaucoma
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Rate at which IOP increases affect symptoms presentation
In prolonged attacks, total loss of vision may occur if the IOP is high enough IOP may be as high as 40-90mmHg Unilateral red eye associated with vomiting is considered acute angle-closure glaucoma until proven otherwise |
