Patho Module 7 - Cough, Sob, Difficulty Breathing

Front 1

What is dyspnea

Back 1

difficult or labored breathing; SOB; air hunger

Front 2

S/sx dyspnea

Back 2

wheeze, anxious or distressed expression; flaring nostrils; gasping

Front 3

What is orthopnea

Back 3

dyspnea on lying down

Front 4

What is Kraussmaul resp pattern

Back 4

Consistent, very deep breathing; metabolic acidosis

Front 5

what is tuberculosis

Back 5

infectious lung disease - previously called consumption; airborne droplets

Front 6

causes of tb

Back 6

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 7

S/sx tb

Back 7

cough that produces purulent sputum develops slowly; night sweats, fatigue, fever, chills, pleurisy, caseous necrosis

Front 8

What are Ghon complexes?

Back 8

granulomas of Tb

Front 9

Tx for TB?

Back 9

Combinations of 4 drugs at once to reduce the chance of antibiotic resistance; 6-9 months

Front 10

What is pneumonia

Back 10

inflammatory process that can involve all or part of the lungs

Front 11

cause of pneumonia

Back 11

infection of respiratory tract

Front 12

S/sx Pneumonia

Back 12

High fever, cough, malaise, breathlessness, symptoms vary upon individual, severity of infection, and causative agent

Front 13

Tx for pneumonia

Back 13

antibiotics for bacteria, no effective tx for viral pneumonia; supplemental O2

Front 14

What are two major differences between pneumonia and tuberculosis?

Back 14

Tb can affect other tissues and organs; Tb requires significantly longer treatment than pneumonia does.

Front 15

what is acute bronchitis

Back 15

inflammation of the bronchial tree caused by infection or irritating factors (smoke)

Front 16

s/sx of acute bronchitis

Back 16

Productive cough*, chest pain, congestion, wheezing, fever, chills, Difficulty breathing

Front 17

Tx for acute bronchitis

Back 17

antibiotics, rest

Front 18

what are the three main types of COPD?

Back 18

Chronic bronchitis; emphysema; asthma

Front 19

What is chronic bronchitis?

Back 19

inflammation of bronchioles with excess mucus production; bronchitis > 3 months for two or more consecutive years; airway obstruction and hyperplasia of mucus-producing glands

Front 20

Causes of chronic bronchitis

Back 20

long term pulmonary disorders; smoking; scarring and damage of tissue

Front 21

S/sx chronic bronchitis

Back 21

BLUE BLOATERS; hypoxemia and polycythemia; productive cough, sob, dib, wheezing

Front 22

What is emphysema?

Back 22

alveolar destruction - alveoli don't collapse

Front 23

causes of emphysema?

Back 23

smoking/secondhand smoke, genetic

Front 24

S/sx emphysema?

Back 24

PINK PUFFERS; increased RR; cough, dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss, clubbing, barrel chest

Front 25

what kind of patient is this?

Back 25

pink puffer - emphysema; ↑ ventilation & ↓ cardiac output

Front 26

what kind of patient is this?

Back 26

Blue bloater - chronic bronchitis; ↓ventilation & ↑ cardiac output

Front 27

what is asthma?

Back 27

inflammatory airway disorder with bronchoconstriction

Front 28

causes of asthma

Back 28

allergies, URI, exercise, cold air, pollution

Front 29

s/sx asthma

Back 29

cough, wheezing due to difficulty breathing out, mucus production, use of accessory muscles, SOB

Front 30

what is pulmonary embolism

Back 30

occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus; can cause infarction; if no infarction, clot will be dissolved by fibrinolytic system

Front 31

S/sx of pulmonary embolism

Back 31

sudden onset - chest pain and SOB; wheezing, cyanosis, syncope;

Front 32

S/sx cystic fibrosis

Back 32

persistent cough, wheezing, frequent infections, clubbing and barrel chest develop over time; frequent loose, oily stools

Front 33

what is bronchiectasis

Back 33

obstruction or infection with inflammation and destruction of the bronchi so that there is permanent dilation

Front 34

causes of bronchiectasis

Back 34

infection - acute or chronic; CF, TB

Front 35

S/sx bronchiectasis

Back 35

productive cough - foul-smelling, bloody; DIB, fatigue, clubbing, cyanosis

Front 36

what is atelectasis?

Back 36

collapsed lung

Front 37

causes of atelectasis?

Back 37

immobility - bed rest or anesthesia; lung diseases, foreign objects, tumors; obstruction

Front 38

s/sx atelectasis

Back 38

DIB, chest pain, cough

Front 39

what is coccidioidomycosis (valley fever)?

Back 39

fungal infection acquired by inhaling the arthrospores in the southwest dust

Front 40

what are erythema nodosum?

Back 40

painful nodules in the lower legs - valley fever