Patho Module 3 - Fatigue And Edema

Front 1

Define anemia

Back 1

a decrease in red blood cell mass; accompanied by decrease in O2 carrying capacity of the blood

Front 2

polycythemia

Back 2

excess in RBC in circulation

Front 3

what RBC indices determine if anemia is normocytic, microcytic, or macrocytic?

Back 3

MCV Mean Cell Volume

Front 4

What RBC indices determine if anemia is normo or hypochromic?

Back 4

MCH mean cell Hb; and MCHC mean cell Hb concentration (avg concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed RBC

Front 5

S/sx Anemia?

Back 5

fatigue, weakness, dizziness, pallow, SOB/dyspnea, chest pain, arrythmias, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension or syncope, cold hands and feet, nail changes, decreased growth and development, neurological symptoms with B12 Def

Front 6

Causes of anemia?

Back 6

production, loss, destruction

Front 7

Anemia of acute blood loss

Back 7

trauma, peptic ulcer, hemorrhoids, GI bleed; normocytic, normochromic.

Front 8

anemia of chronic blood loss

Back 8

rate of loss exceeds ability to regenerate; iron reserves depleted; microcytic, hypochromic

Front 9

Testing anemia of chronic blood loss

Back 9

MCV Low, MCH low

Front 10

Macrocytic/Megaloblastic anemia

Back 10

B12/folate deficiency; macrocytic, normochromic; pernicious anemia

Front 11

what anemias are associated with neurologic conditions?

Back 11

B12 anemia

Front 12

Macrocytic anemia testing

Back 12

MCV High; MCH High; Serum B12 low; IF Antibodies serum Positive

Front 13

Folate deficiency anemia

Back 13

a deficiency of folic acid results in megaloblastic anemia with the same characteristics as those of vit B12 deficiency - BUT neurologic changes do not occur

Front 14

Iron deficiency anemia causes

Back 14

dietary lack; impaired absorption; increased requirements; chronic blood loss

Front 15

s/sx Iron deficiency anemia

Back 15

fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea, pallor, tongue shiny red with no papillae; pica

Front 16

Testing for iron deficiency anemia

Back 16

microcytic, hypochromic; MCV Low, MCH Low, RBC Low, Hb low, Hct Low; Total iron-binding capacity increased

Front 17

Aplastic anemia

Back 17

bone marrow dysfunction characterized by anemia, leukopenia, thromobocytopenia;

Front 18

Causes of hypothyroidism

Back 18

autoimmune; lack of intake - iodine; surgery; radiation; meds

Front 19

Primary hypothyroidism

Back 19

^^ TRH, ^^ TSH, v T3/T4

Front 20

Secondary hypothyroidism

Back 20

^ TRH, v TSH, v T3/T4

Front 21

Tertiary hypothyroidism

Back 21

v TRH, v TSH, v T3/T4

Front 22

What is hypothyroidism

Back 22

decreased production of thyroid hormones

Front 23

s/sx hypothyroidism

Back 23

childhood - impaired development of skeletal system and central nervous system; children and adults - fatigue, pallor, edema, wt gain, arthralgia, cold intolerance, decreased DTR's; myxedema coma

Front 24

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Back 24

autoimmune; painless unilateral or bilateral enlargement of the thyroid

Front 25

testing for hashimotos

Back 25

TSH, T3.T4, antibodies - anti-thyroid microsomal Ab, anti-thyroglobulin

Front 26

Subacute De Quervain's Thyroiditis

Back 26

inflammation of thyroid

Front 27

causes of Subacute De Quervain's Thyroiditis

Back 27

viral URI

Front 28

s/sx Subacute De Quervain's Thyroiditis

Back 28

neck pain, viral sxs, transient hyperthyroidism followed by transient asymptomatic hypothyroidism, no myxedema, complete recovery

Front 29

testing Subacute De Quervain's Thyroiditis

Back 29

thyroid Antibodies negative

Front 30

Valvular defects

Back 30

dysfunction of the heart valves

Front 31

kinds of valvular defects

Back 31

stenosis - valve doesn't open fully; Regurgitation/insufficiency - valve doesn't close fully

Front 32

causes Valvular defects

Back 32

mitral valve stenosis - rheumatic fever; aortic valve stenosis - congenital; tricuspid valve regurgitation - R ventricular dilation and failure, usually secondary to pulmonary HTN; Mitral valve regurgitation - MV prolapse, infective endocarditis, MI, CT disease

Front 33

s/sx Valvular defects

Back 33

Heart murmur, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations

Front 34

Testing Valvular defects

Back 34

chest X-ray, EKG, Echocardiogram, TEE

Front 35

What is cardiomyopathy

Back 35

diseases of myocardium

Front 36

causes of cardiomyopathy

Back 36

HTN, Valvular defects, hyperthyroid, thiamine def, ETOH, Drug use

Front 37

s/sx cardiomyopathy

Back 37

dyspnea on exertion or rest, dizziness, edema, arrhythmias, palpitations

Front 38

testing for cardiomyopathy

Back 38

EKG, echocardiogram, Chest X-ray, BNP