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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 phases of metabolism?
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catabolism
anabolism |
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the metabolism phase is breakdown of stored nutrients in food and body tissues to produce energy
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catabolism
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this metabolism phase is constructive process of assembling complex molecules from simpler molecules
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anabolism
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the major goal of ______ is to maintain glucose homeostasis at about 80mg/dl
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metabolism
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what happens immediately after a meal?
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blood glucose levels are high (hyperglycemia)-stimulating secretion of insulin from pancreatic b cells
insulin removes dietary fuel for storage as glycogen insulin is a signal of fed state insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis insulin increases glucose supply to adipose tissue insulin stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis |
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this is the conversion of glucose to glycogen when the glucose in the blood exceeds demand
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glycogenesis-occurs in live(acts as a store) and muscle(provide source of ATP)
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_____increases rate at which glycogenesis occurs, _____ has the opposite effect
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insulin
glucagon |
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what happens several hours after a meal? the blood glucose levels ____ leading to a ____ in insulin and a ______ in glucagon
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drop
decrease increase |
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this signals the starved state and stimulates glycogen breakdown
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glucagon
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glucagon is released from the ______ in response to low blood glucose
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pancreas
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what 2 hormones are involved in the control of glycogenolysis?
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peptide, glucagon, from the pancreas
a catecholamine, epinephrine, from the adrenal glands |
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this is the process of cleaving inert triglycerides from the adipose tissue to produce active free fatty acids
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lipolysis
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this is a substitute of glucose as energy substrates in the brain and other organs
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ketone bodies
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this is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carb precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, glycerol and A/A
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gluconeogensis (Cori Cycle)
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glycogen stores last for how long?
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4-6 hours
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gluconeogensis occurs where?
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the liver
the cortex of kidney (small amt) |
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during prolonged starvation during the first day glycogen stores are used up, liver tries to keep up with gluconeogensis to supply the _____ with glucose but cant, the liver converts fatty acids into ______, the brain cannot store its own glycogen so it receives a supply of ____ from the blood, once glucose is exhausted the brain begins using ______ for fuel
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brain
ketone bodies glucose ketone bodies-spares breakdown of proteins |
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free glucose must be replaced every ___hr, after _____hr of fasting there is a release of fatty acids from fat stores and A.A from muscles, after ___days of fasting, glucose is snythesized from glyerol, a.a, lactate, and pyruvate
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2
12-24 2-3 |
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what are the 3 types of eating disorders?
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anorexia nervosa
bulima nervosa binge eating |
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what are some biopsychsocial etiology of eating disorders?
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genetics
brain biochemistry/neurotransmitters family dynamics personal development social pressure |
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eating disorders frequently occur with other ______ disorders, occur more in females, more in _____ females
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psychiatric
white |
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how to treat clients with eating disorders?
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nutritional issues
intrapsychic and interpersonal issues cognitive behavioral psychotherapy psychotrophic meds |
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this eating disorder is the refusal to maintain a minimally acceptable body wt: 85% of ideal body wt or a BMI of 17.5, intense fear of gaining wt, feels fat, amenorrhea for 3 consecutive cycles in post mearchal females
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anorexia nervosa
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who are at risk for developing anorexia?
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bright, attractive women
good children, eager to please ppl pleasers |
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what are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa?
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restricting and binge eating/purging
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this subtype of anorexia is person does not regularly engage in binge eating or purging, instead they purge by exercise?
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restricting
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this subtype of anorexia is person regulary engages in binge eating or puring behavior
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binge eating/purging
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what are medical consequences of anorexia nervosa?
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amenorrhea
osteoporosis dry/brittle hair skin becomes yellowish constipation decreased BP, HR, RR development of hirsutism decreased body temp muscle wasting |
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what is the most common cause of death for anorexia nervosa?
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cardiac arrest
electrolyte imbalance suicide |
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aneroxia nervosa can be diagnosed in two ways?
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psychiatric-depression, bipolar, sub. abuse
organic-infection, thyroid disease,diabetes,cancer,malnutriton |
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what are the 3 phases of treatment for anorexia?
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restoring wt, treating psychological disturbances, achieving long term remission
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this eating disorder is binge eating twice weekly for 3 months, person purges, preoccupied with body size, fear of gaining wt
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bulimia nervosa
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what are the 2 subtypes of bulima nervosa?
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purging
nonpurging-excessive exercise |
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what are some signs and sx's of bulimia nervosa?
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preoccupied w/ food
distorted perception of body wt abuse of laxatives impulsive exercising swollen salivary glands |
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what are some medical consequences of bulimia nervosa?
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electrolyte imbalances due to dehydration and loss of K+, Na+ and Cl-
hypochloremic-metabolic alkalosis hyperchloremic-acidosis |
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death is more likely in bulimia nervosa, _____rates are high
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suicide
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bulimia nervosa has two ways of diagnosising?
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psychiatric-depression, bipolar
organic-infection, hypothyrodism, diabetes |
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what are some test to diagnose BN?
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-factionated serum amylase for salivary isoenzyme
-stool or urine -assay for ipecac |
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treatment of BN?
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reduce binging/purging
nutritional rehabilitation |
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this eating disorder is recurrent episodes of binge eating, consume large quantities of food in brief amt of time
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binge eating-must binge eat on avg at least 2 days a wk for 6months
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binge eating is associated with at least 3 eating habits?
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eating more rapidly
eating until feeling full eating large amts when not hungry eating alone feeling disgusted with oneself |
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medical consequences of binge eating?
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severe obesity
diabetes hypertension eleveated lipid levels cardio dz gall bladder dz certain CA's |
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treatment for BED?
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same as BN
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_____ is a multifactoral disease in which a person consumes more calories then burns to mobilize and oxidize endogenous triglycerids in fat
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obesity
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what is a way to measure body fat mass?
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BMI=wt/ht
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underwt- < ____
health wt-____ overwt- ____ obesity _____ extreme obesity- > ____ |
18.5
18.5-24.9 25-29.9 30-39.9 40 |
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waist circumference for men > ____ women >____ WC is a good measure of ____ adiposity
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40 inches
35 inches visceral(very metabolically active, contributes to cardio risk) |
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increased WC and BMI 25-34.9 have higher risk of developing?
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type 2 diabetes
HTN C-V disease |
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what causes obesity?
obesity is a complex relationship between: |
genetic
psychological physiological metabolic socioeconomic lifestyle cultural factors |
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adipocytes(fat cells) secrete a number of hormones and cytokines called?
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adipocytokines
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these cells participate in neuroendocrine regulation of food intake, lipid storage, metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and female reproduction
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adipocytokine
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this controls appetite, fat cell mass, and energy expenditure by responding to levels of the adipocytokine leptin and other hormones
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hypothalmus
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this suppresses appetite and function to regulate wt?
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leptin
leptin increases and adipocytokine increases |
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what are some risk factors for becoming obese?
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genetics(leptin resistance)
family history age sex-greater in females caloric intake |
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med problems and obesity?
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hypothyroidism
pit. malfunction cushings syndrome salivary gland hyperplasia physical problems |
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with obesity your at risk for?
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cardiac dz
pulmonary dz endocrine/metabolic dz GI dz musculoskeletal dz cancer |
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obesity evaluation and treatment?
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maintain healthier wt
exercise reduced caloric intake meds surgery support lifestyle modification |
