Patho Finals 2

Front 1

RBCs

Back 1

round, slightly refractile, and lack internal structure and resemble fat droplets

Front 2

WBCs

Back 2

round, granular, large than rbcs but smaller than epithelial cells

Front 3

hyaline cast

Back 3

Front 4

cellular

Back 4

Front 5

waxy cast

Back 5

Front 6

granular cast

Back 6

Front 7

Mucus

Back 7

narrow, twisted, ribbon-like, homogenous threads and indicates urethral irritation or genital secretion

Front 8

Fat

Back 8

highly refractile, variable-sized spheres that are out of focus with other sediments because they rise to the surface and may be stained with Sudan III.

Front 9

fat

Back 9

Signifies no pathologic relevance in the urine

Front 10

sudan III

Back 10

fat is stained by

Front 11

cocci in chains

Back 11

Front 12

cocci wit wbc

Back 12

Front 13

rods with wbc

Back 13

Front 14

rods with wbc and rbc

Back 14

Front 15

spermatozoa

Back 15

indicate contamination of the urine and are normal in dogs

Front 16

• Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate • Calcium carbonates and Calcium oxalate dihydrate

Back 16

Normal Crystals

Front 17

• Pigmented crystals • Amino Acid Crystals • Oxalate Crystals

Back 17

Abnormal Crystals

Front 18

struvite crystals

Back 18

Front 19

small struvite crystals

Back 19

Front 20

calcium oxalate monohydrate (picket fence)

Back 20

Front 21

calcium oxalate monohydrate

left- dumbbells

right- hemp seed

Back 21

Front 22

calcium oxalate dihydrate

Back 22

Front 23

calcium oxalate dihydrate

Back 23

Front 24

ammonium biureate crystal

Back 24

Front 25

bilirubin crystal with wbc

Back 25

Front 26

cholesterol crystal

Back 26

Front 27

cystine crystal with rbc

Back 27

Front 28

vaginal cytology

Back 28

Examination of exfoliated cells from the vagina of dogs and cats

Front 29

vaginal cytology

Back 29

Vaginal epithelium undergoes a predictable hyperplastic response to increasing plasma estrogen concentrations during proestrus

Front 30

cotton-tipped swabs

microscope slide

methanol

Back 30

vaginal smear materials

Front 31

hormone analysis

Back 31

Often in tandem with ______ , may provide valuable information about the stage of the ovarian cycle

Front 32

inflammatory

neoplastic

Back 32

Proven useful to detect ______ and _____ conditions in the female reproductive tract

Front 33

caudal

Back 33

Cells are obtained by passing a cotton- tipped swab into the _____ vagina

Front 34

sterile saline

Back 34

If no vaginal discharge is present, the swab may be moistened with ______ to avoid discomfort

Front 35

urethral orifice

Back 35

Once cranial to the _______, the vaginal wall is gently swabbed

Front 36

true

Back 36

The smear is allowed to air-dry thoroughly before staining

Front 37

Romanowsky-type stains

Back 37

type of stain for vaginal cytology

Front 38

• Wright • Modified Wright-Giemsa stains

Back 38

specific stains

Front 39

Color

Back 39

intensity is primarily a reflection of the degree of urine concentration

Front 40

Transparency/Turbidity

Back 40

a reflection of the amount of particulate material

Front 41

Ammonia

Back 41

prominent in retained urine and formed by bacterial urease action

Front 42

Acetone

Back 42

suggests ketosis

Front 43

Foam

Back 43

produced by shaking

Front 44

Hemoglobinuria

Proteinuria

Back 44

type of foams

Front 45

osmolality

Back 45

determined by the number of particles in the solution or by the osmotic pressure of the extracellular and intratubular fluids

Front 46

Specific gravity

Back 46

Indicates the ability of the kidneys to dilute or concentrate urine solute specifically in the collecting tubules.

Front 47

Indirectly proportional

Back 47

proportionality of specific gravity to urine volume

Front 48

Chemical Examination

Back 48

done on a semi-quantitative basis using reagent strips especially designed for use in humans and not all tests are either relevant or accurate in animals

Front 49

Protein

Back 49

size, shape, and charge influence its ability to pass the glomerular filt

Front 50

• Emotional state (fright) • General anesthesia

Back 50

Physiological reasons

Front 51

• Hemorrhage into the urinary tract • Inflammation within the urinary tract

Back 51

Pathological causes

Front 52

Glucose

Back 52

Freely filtered by the glomerulus and resorption is complete in the proximal tubules when serum concentrations are

<180 mg/dl (dog)

280 (cat)

< 100 (cow)

Front 53

• Hyperglycemia• Normoglycemia

Back 53

factors affecting glucose

Front 54

Ketones

Back 54

Freely filtered by the glomerulus and are completely resorbed by the proximal tubules

Front 55

Bilirubin

Back 55

Conjugated and not conjugated forms of this (bound to serum albumin) may pass into the glomerular filtrate and not be absorbed by the tubules.

Front 56

• Hematuria • Hemoglobinuria • Myoglobinuria

Back 56

Occult Blood Causes