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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
V or Y configurations Metachromatic granules |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
Uniformly rectangular gram positive rod ovoid ST spores Double zone of hemolysis, Naglar rxn |
Clostridium perfringens
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
RT spore: tennis racket anaerobic spore-forming gram positive rod |
Clostridium tetani
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
growth factors hematin, NAD 6 antigenic serotypes a-f type b: highest virulence |
Haemophilus influenzae
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
slow-growing tularensis (Jellison Type A) palaerctica (Jellison Type B) |
Francisella tularensis
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPHOLOGY
slow growing surface glycolipidss stimulates host cell mediated immunity skin test |
Mycobacterium bovis
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
invade mucus membranes virulent piliated cells infect subepithelial layer inoculate vagina, cervix, penis |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
pertussis toxin: histamine sensitizing factor dermonecrotic toxin LPS: lipid A, lipid X |
Bordetella pertussis
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
nonvenereal treponemal disease bejel--utensils yaws, pinta--direct contact |
Treponema pallidum ssp enemicum, ssp pertenue, T. carateum
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
facultative intracellular reticuloendothelial system (RES) formation of actin filaments |
Brucella abortis, melintensis, suis, canis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
survive in soil hermivores natural host woolsorter's disease |
Brucella abortis, melintensis, suis, canis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
srsly underreported STI only in humans asymptomatic in females |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
halophilic vibrio diarrhea in Japan raw fish |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
antibiotic disrupt normal flora endogenous overgrowth mild diarrhea pseudomembranous colitis |
Clostridium difficile
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
shellfish--oysters severe bacteremia exposure to contaminated water |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
1.7 billion ppl worldwide 10 million USA person-to-person spread infectious aerosols |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
undercooked chicken hyperendemic underdev countries children multiple episodes |
Campylobacter jejuni
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
chacroid painful ulcer inguinal lyphadenopathy |
Haemophilus ducreyi
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
ECM neurologic/cardiac painful arthritis |
Borrelia burgdorferi
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
pulmonary infection extra-pulmonary sites wall off lesions calcification--host response |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
BCG vaccine ingest contaminated milk |
Mycobacterium bovis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
flaccid paralysis foodborne infant wound |
Clostridium botulinum
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
hallmark lesion invade mucus membranes perivascular lymphatic dissemination |
Bacillus anthracis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
chancre shed spirochetes fibrotic walling off |
Treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
community acquired blood in sputum lobar pneumonia alcoholics |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
plague lymph node (buboes) swelling |
Yersinia pestis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Weil's disease hepatic failure mild flu-like |
Leptospira interrogans
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
HS enterotoxin: vomiting improperly stored rice HL toxin: diarrhea |
Bacillus cereus
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
three routes: 1. direct inoculation 2. inhalation 3. ingestion of spores |
Bacillus anthracis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
burn wounds CF pulmonary infections |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
histoxicity gas gangrene cellulitis fasciitis |
Clrostridium perfringens
Type A |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
immunocompromised CD4 lymphocyte atypical tuberculosis |
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
traveller's diarrhea watery diarrhea enterotoxin |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
hemorrhagic colitis watery then bloody diarrhea Shiga-like toxin |
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
meningitis, arthritis disseminate virulent orgs from nasopharynx |
Neisseria meningitidis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
gram neg sepsis UTI ab sepsis spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |
Opportunistic Escerichia coli
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
2-stage bacillary dysentery small and large intestine water diarrhea blood mucus stools |
Shigella dysenteriae
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent highly infectious |
Bordetella pertussis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
scarlet fever TSS-like post infection: nonsuppurative sequelae |
Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A Strep |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
dental caries biofilm tooth decay |
Streptococcus mutans
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
opportunistic nosocomial bacteremia/septicemia resistance to multiple antibiotics |
Corynebacterium jeikeium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
abattoir 500,000 cases world wide cattle, goats, sheep, pigs |
Brucella spp
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
chocolate agar NAD, hemin |
Haemophilus influenzae
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
STI long incubation prostitution |
Treponema pallidum ssp pallidum
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
A, B, C, Y, W135 5% CO2 polymorphonulear leukocytes (PMN's) |
Neisseria meningitidis
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
urethral purulent discharge PMN's penicillin ineffective |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
MRSA |
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
VRE |
Vancomycin Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
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DIAGNOSIS, TX, PREV, CTRL
carbol fuchsin acid fast bacilli microscopic detection |
Mycobacterium tuberculae
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
ulcers chronic type b gastritis adenocarcinomas |
Helicobacter pylori
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
bites, scratches septicemia pulmonary complications |
Pasteurella multicida
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
RES acute: goats, sheep chronic: swine |
Brucella spp
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
asymptomatic carriage in healthy ppl granulomatosis infantisepticum infect immunocomp pts |
Listeria monocytogenes
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
tick fever borreliosis spirochaetemia |
Borrelia recurrentis
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CLINICAL SYNDROMES
delayed hypersensitivity skin lesions erythema nodosum leprosum |
Mycobacterium leprae
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
burn victims IV drug abusers 4-42degC resistant to disinfectants |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
upper resp tract domestic animals animal bite, scratch |
Pasteurella multocida
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Scandinavian or colder areas entercolitis epidemic outbreaks |
Yersinia entercolitica
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
specimen contaminant colonize skin prosthetic device infection |
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
newborn: septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis early-onset, late-onset neonatal disease postpartum sepsis |
Sreprococcus agalactiae
Group B Strep |
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
eye injury soil contamination 3 toxins |
Bacillus cereus
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
6-48hrs: point source outbreak improperly prepared: poultry, eggs, dairy gastroenteritis, septicemia |
Salmonella enterica
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
obligate parasites on mucus risk: absence of protective antibody successful immunization |
Haemophilus influenzae
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
asymptomatic carriage in gall bladder foreign travel contaminated food, water |
Salmonella typhi
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
poor oral hygiene cervicofacial infection thoracic infections |
Anctinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
amphibians/reptiles blood/leuk in stool fresh/brackish water |
Plesiomonas shigelloides
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
soft cheeses transplacentally multiply at cold fridge temp |
Listeria monocytogenes
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
4 species fecal-oral route poor sanitation rapid spread |
Shigella: sonnei, flexneri, dysenteriae, boydii
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
"molar tooth" colonies irreg staining sinus tract |
Actinomyces israelii, A. naeslundii
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
specific soluble substance SSS lancet-shaped diplococci in sputum |
Streptococci pneumoniae
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
comma-shaped yellow on TCBS Serogroup O1 |
Vibrio cholerae
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
darting motility helically curved, comma-shaped bacilli Penner serotyping |
Campylobacter jejuni
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
clumping facter polysaccharide A irregular clusters, cocci catalase positive |
Staphylococcus aureus
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
hemagglutin mediate attachment fimbriae present charcoal in media |
Bordetella pertussis, parapertussis
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PHYSIOLOGY, STRUCTURE & MORPH
spirochetal bacillus periplasmic flagella darkfield microscopy fluorescent antibody staining |
Treponema pallidum ssp pallidum
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
intraabdominal abscess encapsulated oxygen tolerance |
Bacteroides fragilis group
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
humoral antibody responce Scwann cells delayed hypersensitivity |
Mycobacterium leprae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
M-protein F-protein Streptolysin O and S |
Streptococcus pyogenes
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
pneumolysin O Capsule: smooth and rough adherence |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
tox gene A-B exotoxin lysogenic bacteriophage |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
hyaluronidase helps perivascular infiltration lesions at all stages virulent strains mask themselves |
Treponema ssp pallidum
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
CFA/I, CFA/II LT, ST-plasmid mediated small intestine |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
infected arthropods transmit antigenic variation febrile and afebrile episodes |
Borrelia recurrentis
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
B-subunit binds to GM1 ganglioside increase cAMP electrolyte loss |
Vibrio cholerae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
Shiga toxin: neurotoxic, cytotoxic, enterotoxic |
Shigella dysenteriae
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
alpha-iota toxin (4 major) delta-nu toxin (minor) rapid growth |
Clostridium perfringens
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
7 antigenically distinct neurotoxins specific for cholinergic nerves block acetylcholine release |
Clostridium botulinum
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
loose fitting capsule staphylokinase TSS toxin-1 |
Staphylococcus aureus
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
pili-mediated colonization of nonciliated cells of nasopharynx hyperproduction of lipooligosaccharide |
Neisseria meningitidis
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
protective antigen edema antigen lethal factor |
Bacillus anthracis
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
inflammation of follicles niche in follicles |
Propionibacterium acnes
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
urease production neutralizes stomach acid mucinase anchor in gastric pits |
Helicobacter pylori
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PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNITY
pili, elastase, leukocidin |
Psudomonas aeruginosa
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List Koch's 4 postulates
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Present in all cases of disease
Grown in pure culture cause disease when inoculated in healthy, susceptible lab animal reisolated, shown to be same |
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bacterial toxin
LPS of gram - cell wall: Lipid A + O antigen Released upon lysis during infection |
Endotoxin
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component of endotoxin responsible for endotoxin activity effects on host
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Lipid A
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antigenic portion of LPS molecule
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O side chain
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overwhelming infection
result of vascular system failure sequestration of large volume of blood in capillaries and veins |
Septic shock
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endotoxin in blood
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endotoxemia
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binds to specific receptor
activate compliment pathway hypoglycemia organ necrosis shock |
endotoxin activity
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hydrolyze memgrane phospholipids
alter membrane permeability rapid rate of cell membrane lysis |
Based on mech, what are 3 major types of cytolysins?
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Anthrax toxin
Botulinum toxinwC Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin |
A-B Exotoxins
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
heat labile |
exotoxin
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
produced by only gram neg bacteria |
Endotoxin
Exotoxin produced by both |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
released from cell |
Exotoxin
Endotoxin is integral part of cell wall |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
has only one type |
Endotoxin
Exotoxin has many types based on structure and function |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
Lipid A of lipopolysaccharide |
Endotoxin
Exotoxin is protein |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
specific receptors on host target cells |
Exotoxin
Diverse range of host cells and systems affected |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
diverse range of effects in host |
Endotoxin
Exotoxin has specific effects in host |
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EXOTOXIN or ENDOTOXIN
toxoids made by treating with formalin |
Exotoxin
Endotoxins can't make toxoids |
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
Early defense mech to detect infection, prevent spread from initial focus and signal subsequent specific immune responses |
inflammation
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
via macrophages 3 steps: attachment, internalization and digestion |
Phagocytosis
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
innate via antigen provide rapid, local responses to challenge by an invader interferon, neutrophils, natural killer |
Non-specific defenses
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IMMUNE RESPONSE
adaptive eliminate invaders that succeed in passing first two (natural barrier and innate) defenses antibody, T cells |
Specific immunity
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MORPHOLOGY
lipid bilayer peptidoglycan layer permeability barrier, metabolic uptake, energy production |
cell walls and cell membranes
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MORPHOLOGY
loose polysaccharide or protein layer escape from host immune recognition |
capsules
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MORPHOLOGY
cell surface recognition |
outer membrane proteins
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MORPHOLOGY
ropelike propellers composed of helically coiled protein subunits |
motility and flagella
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MORPHOLOGY
dormant, non-reproductive structure produced by bacteria under stress |
endospores
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VIRULENCE FACTORS
structure/macromolecules facilitates attachment to surface or another cell site of attachment: specific receptor |
adhesins
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VIRULENCE FACTORS
potent toxic substance released extracellularly genetically controlled: plasmid, chromosome, lysogenic bacteriophage (prophage) |
exotoxins
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VIRULENCE FACTORS
amphiphilic molecule integrated in and extending outward from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacterial cells; composed of Lipid A (for endotoxin activity) + Core polysaccharide + O-antigen side chain; |
lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin
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VIRULENCE FACTORS
structure/macromolecule enables a pathogenic microorganism to enter and spread throughout the cells and/or tissues of the host body; specific recognition of receptor sites on target cells enhances pathogenic advantage |
invasins
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VIRULENCE FACTORS
encapsulation, antigenic mimicry, antigenic masking, antigenic shift |
microbial defenses against host immunological clearance
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blood, CNS, thoracic, intraabdominal, abcesses, soft tissue
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Anaerobic infections sites
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ANTIBIOTICS &CHEMOTHERAPY
inhibit cell wall synth inhibit protein synth alter cell membranes inhibition of nucleic acid synth antimetabolite activity |
basic mechs of antibiotic action
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ANTIBIOTICS &CHEMOTHERAPY
intrinsic or phenotypic acquired via acquisition of foreign foreign resistance genes acquired via mutational events |
basic microbial mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
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ANTIBIOTICS &CHEMOTHERAPY
lowest concentration (highest dilution) of antibiotic preventing turbidity bacteriostatic assay performed in adjunct to determined the conc of antibiotic lethal to target bacteria in vitro |
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) & Minimal Bactericidal Concentration
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# True pos/ (# true pos + # false neg)
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Sensitivity of a diagnostic test
measure of true positive rate |
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# of true neg / (# true neg + # false pos)
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Specificity of a diagnostic test
Measure of the true negative rate |
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endogenous opportunistic pathogens intro into normally sterile sites
polymicrobic infection sites have reduced partial pressure of O2 abcess, tissue necrosis |
anaerobic infection: general features
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foul-smelling discharge
necrotic tissue gas black discoloration gas: gangrene myonecrosis |
anaerobic infection: clinical features
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