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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type of MI that causes ST segment depression, and T wave inversion. Damage occurs to myocardium directly beneath the endocardium. |
Non-STEMI |
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Unstable Angina and MI are the two diseases that are collectively known as what syndrome? |
Acute Coronary Syndrome |
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Type of MI that causes ST segment elevation. Damage occurs from all the way through endocardium to epicardium. Far more serious. Trans-mural MI. |
STEMI |
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What is MONA used for, and what does it mean? |
For immediate MI treatment as O2 demand is greater than O2 supple M - morphine O - oxygen N - nitroglycerine A - aspirin also give a thrombolytic if within 4-6 hrs |
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Lifestyle changes to reduce ___________: lower LDL, alcohol, smoking increase exercise control glucose & hypertension |
atherosclerosis |
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Lifestyle changes to promote ___________: lower smoking, caffeine, weight manage stress increase exercise |
O2 balance |
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Three major complications with MI |
Cardiogenic shock Dysrhythmias CHF |
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A.Fib vs V.fib: one is more fatal, which one and why? |
V.Fib. It is essential for ejection of blood into the systemic circulation. Atrial contraction isn't actually necessary, it can happen passively. |
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Left sided heart failure often results in what? |
CHF |
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Right sided heart failure often results in what? |
peripheral edema |
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Sites of clonal selection |
Lymph nodes and spleen |
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CD4: _____ cells, macrophages - GI cells - some skin cells CD8:_____ cells |
Th cells Tc cells |
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A two fold increase in Ab titre of IgG over ______ days suggests recent infectoin |
10-14 |
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Ig_ presence suggests recent infeciton |
IgM |
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Hypersensitivity Type ___: |
Type I: Allergies |
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Hypersensitivity Type ___: IgM or IgG: C' involved Mast cells involved |
Type II: Tissue-specific but Ab mediated target is tissue Ag |
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Hypersensitivity Type ___: IgM or IgG: C' involved Basophils involved. |
Type III: Immune Complex target is Ag in circulation |
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Hypersensitivity Type ___: Tc; delayed type hypersensitivity No Ab or C' involved |
Type IV: Delayed |
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What is the determining factor in whether a reaction is an allergy or anaphylaxis? |
The amount of H1 released by |
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Transfusion hypersensitivity reactions are Type ______ reactions. |
II & III |
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What's the chain of infection |
Reservoir |
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Rhinovirus & influenza are spread through: |
Droplets |
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Measles, Chickenpox, TB, smallpox spread through: |
Airborne |
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Differential results: High neutrophils = High lymphocytes = High basophils = Atypical lymphocytes = |
Bacterial Viral Protazoa/works Infectious mononucleosis |
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Hepatitis B only affects cells of the ______ |
liver |
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Incubation period for Hep B |
45 - 120 days |
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Pre-icteric phase of Hep B infection lasts _______ and causes what 4 symptoms? |
1 week |
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Icteric phase (jaundice) of Hep B infection lasts _______ and causes an enlarged and tender ______ |
1-2 months liver |
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Immunosuppression is when your CD4 count is below _____ |
500 |
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You're risking opportunistic infections when CD4 count is below _____ |
200 |
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Pleomorphic |
abnormal shape and sized cells |
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anaplasia |
loss of differentiation; loss of function |
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Three phases of shock |
Compensatory: early Progressive: intermediate Irreversible: late |
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What does cold shock mean, and what are the two types? |
Cold due to HPA compensation mechanism of vasoconstriction in early shock. Hypovolemic Cardiogenic |
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What does warm shock mean, and what are the three types? |
Warm due to vasodilation before compensation mechanisms begin. High PNS = relaxed vascular smooth muscle. Neurogenic Anaphylactic Septic |
