Patho Exam 5

Front 1

Pityriasis rosea:

clinical man:

Back 1

benign, self-limiting inflammatory disorder

CM:
- Herald Patch - beginning single lesion; circular, demarcated, salmon-pink, 3-4cm in diameter; usually located on the trunk
- Itching

Front 2

A. Psoriasis
Patho:
Clinical Manifestations:

Back 2

Patho: T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. Dermis and epidermis are thickened with cellular hyperproliferation, altered differentiation, and inflammation.

CM:
Plaque psoriasis - most common
i. Well-demarcated, thick, silvery, scaly, erythematosus plaque surrounded by normal skin
ii. Lesions commonly located on scalp, elbows, knees

Front 3

Impetigo:

CM:

Back 3

superficial bacterial infection of the skin cause by Staphylococcus aureus or Group A streptococcus.

CM: honey colored serum, Yellow to white-brown crusts form as they rupture

Front 4

CM of basal cell cancer:

Back 4

a. Depressed centers and rolled borders
b. Most common type of cancer among whites
c. Seen in areas of the body that get intense sun exposure

Front 5

onychomycosis:

CM:

Back 5

superficial or deep inflammation of the nail that develops a yellow brown accumulation of brittle keratin over all or portions of the nail.

CM:
a. Yellow or white nail plate
b. Elevated nail plate

Front 6

CM of molluscum contagiosum:

Back 6

common highly contagious, benign viral infection of the skin in children and adults

CM:
a. Affects primarily face, hands, lower abdomen, and genitalia
- caused by pox virus - trans by skin to skin in children (trunk, face, extremities); sexually transmitted in adults (genital area)
- dome shaped lesion
- with core of thick creamy material, anywhere on the skin or conjunctiva

Front 7

Describe clinical manifestations of chickenpox

Back 7

a. Prodromal symptoms: 1-2 days before, low-grade fever, cough, may be asymptomatic
b. First sign of illness if no prodromal - itching or appearance of vesicles on trunk, scalp, face
c. Rash later on extremities
d. New lesions will erupt for 4-5 days until there are 100-300 in different stages of development
e. Occasionally, eruptions will occur in the mouth, conjunctiva, and pharynx

Front 8

Purpose of Eccrine sweat glands:

Back 8

a. Distributed over the body, with the greatest numbers in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and forehead
b. important in thermoregulation and cooling of the body through evaporation

Front 9

Purpose of Apocrine sweat glands

Back 9

a. Fewer in number and are located in the axillae, scalp, face, abdomen, and genital area
b. Limited proven function

Front 10

Pressure ulcer stages
I
II
III
IV

Back 10

I Nonblanchable erythema of intact skin

II Partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis or dermis

III. Full thickness skin loss involving necrosis of SQ

IV. Full thickness skin loss - damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures

Front 11

Tinea Capitis: fungal infection of

CM:

Back 11

Scalp

Scaly, pruritic scalp with bald areas; hair breaks easily

Front 12

Tinea Corporis-

CM:

Back 12

"ring worm" (skin areas, excluding scalp, face, hands, feet, groin)

CM:
Circular, mildly erythematous scaly patches w/ slightly elevated ringlike border

Front 13

Tinea Cruris

CM:

Back 13

"jock itch"

CM:
Small erythematous and scaling vesicular patches , well-defined border , inner and upper surfaces of the thighs

Front 14

Tinea Pedis

CM:

Back 14

"athletes foot"

CM: occurs btwn toes, soles, nails. Slight scaling macerated painful skin.

Front 15

Tinea Manus

Back 15

Hands

CM:
Dry, scaly, erythematous lesions
begin with clusters of intensely itching

Front 16

Tinea unguium or onychomycosis

CM:

Back 16

Nails

CM: superficial or deep inflammation of the nail, yellow-brown accumulations of brittle keratin

Front 17

Purpose of Langerhan cells

Back 17

dendritic cell that migrates from bone marrow to the epidermis to initiate an immune response and provide defense against environ. antigens -

**“mop up” invading foreign substances that have found their way into the body, and take then to lymphocytes

Front 18

Scabies:

CM:

Back 18

benign PARASITIC infection

CM:
**Intense pruritis- classic symptom
Burrow of mite - larval papules near burrow
Hypersensitivity reaction- usually a month or more after infection; multiple reddish brown, pruritic nodules- upper thighs, buttocks, male genitals, axillae

Front 19

seborrheic keratosis:

CM:

Back 19

benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions

CM:
- Multiple lesions on chest, back, and face
- tan, waxy yellow, flesh colored, dark brown/black
- Oval, greasy, scaly appearance

Front 20

acne rosacea:

CM:

Back 20

- inflammation of the skin that develops in middle aged adults

CM:
- Lesions in mid-face, forehead, nose, cheeks, chin
- bulbous appearance of nose
- Disorders of the eye accompany- conjunctivitis, keratitis- can lead to visual impairment

Front 21

urticaria:

CM:

Back 21

(Hives)

CM:
- raised erythema and edema of the superficial dermis
- appear as wheals, welts, or hives

Front 22

verrucae

CM:

Back 22

(warts)

CM:
- round and elevated with a rough, grayish surface
- vary in size (flat, round, fusiform), shape, and location
- usually on the fingers
-Plantar warts usually located on pressure points on bottom of the feet.

Front 23

Thrush:

CM:

Back 23

presence of C. albicans in the mucous membranes of the mouth

CM:
- white plaques or spots in mouth lead to shallow ulcers
- white covering on tongue
- mucous membrane is red and tender
- often have GI irritation too
- may spread to groin/ buttocks

Front 24

keratoacanthomas:

CM:

Back 24

a BENIGN, self-limiting tumor of squamous cell differentiation arising from hair follicles, occurs on sun-damaged skin of elderly and smokers

CM:
- higher in males
- *develop over 1 to 2mon.
- * RESEMBLES a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
- dome shaped nodule w/ central crust, fills w/ whitish keratin - regresses over 3-4mon
- lesions on face, back of hands, forearms, neck and legs

Front 25

Primary Lesions vs Secondary Lesions

Back 25

Primary: early changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution or change caused by manipulation. THESE ARE THE BEST CLUES TO DIAGNOSIS

Secondary: the result when primary lesions undergo a natural evolution (eg, a burst vesicle) or are manipulated by the patient (eg, a scratched vesicle).