Patho Exam 2

Front 1

what are (3)layers of the skin?

Back 1

(1)epidermis (2)hypoepidermis (3)dermis

Front 2

describe the epidermis?

Back 2

(1)has layer of rapidly producing epitheila cells

Front 3

T or F
th epidermis has blood vessels and nerves

Back 3

false

Front 4

the epidermis receives their nutrients from the (1)

Back 4

dermis

Front 5

describe the dermis?

Back 5

contains a thick layer of connective tissue, sensory receptors, appendages (hair follciles),

Front 6

NAME
this contains a thick layer of connective tissue, sensory receptors, and appendages (hair folliciles)

Back 6

dermis

Front 7

NAME
this has a layer of the reproducing epitheial cells that very in thickness

Back 7

epidermis

Front 8

T or F
the dermis has a regenerative capacity and heals by scar formation

Back 8

false

Front 9

does the dermis havea regenerative capcity and heals by scar formatioN

Back 9

no

Front 10

below the skin is the (1)and (2)

Back 10

subcutaneous tissue and bone

Front 11

what is the subcutaneous tissue?

Back 11

tissue below the skin t

Front 12

NAMe
this is tissue below the skin

Back 12

subcautaneous tissue

Front 13

describe the subcatuneous tissue?

Back 13

contains fat cells , connective tissue, marcophages, fibroblasts, nerves etc

Front 14

NAME
this contains connective tissue, fat marcophages, fibroblasts, and blood vessels, and nerves

Back 14

subcutaneous tissue

Front 15

why do people have trouble sustaining a normal body temp w have burns?

Back 15

bc sweat glands are gone

Front 16

what are some functions of the skin? (4)

Back 16

(1)infection control (2)maintain fluid and electroyle balance (3)sensory organ (4)regulates temp (5)synthesis of vitamin d

Front 17

what are some inflammatory disorders? (5)

Back 17

(1)contact dermatitis (2)atopic dermatitis (3)psoriasis (4)discoid Lupus Erythematsus (5)scleroderma

Front 18

NAME
these include (1)contact dermatitis (2)atopic dermatitis (3)psoriasis (4)discoid Lupus Erythematsus (5)scleroderma

Back 18

inflammatory disorders

Front 19

what is contact dermatitis?

Back 19

irriation that occurs when an contact w allergen or irritant

Front 20

NAME
this is irriation(rash/red area)that occurs when in contact w allergen or irritatn

Back 20

contact dermatitis

Front 21

Eczema is also called (1)

Back 21

atopic cell dermatitis

Front 22

(1)is also called atopic dermatitis

Back 22

eczema

Front 23

what is eczema?

Back 23

is red/rash except has burning /itching

Front 24

NAME
this is red/rash except has burning/itching

Back 24

eczema

Front 25

what is Psoriasis?

Back 25

is the same thing as eczema except has inheritd and has scaly appearance

Front 26

NAME
this is the same thing as eczema except that its inherited and has a scaly apperance

Back 26

psoriasis

Front 27

where does the psoriasis appear?

Back 27

(1)elbow (2)scalp (3)knees (4)trunks

Front 28

what is discoid lupus erythematousus?

Back 28

have problems w vascular supply

Front 29

NAME
this is a inflammatory disorder in which the person has problems w vascular supply

Back 29

discoid lupus erythematosus

Front 30

people w discoid lupus erythematosus have (1)

Back 30

raynaud's phenomenon

Front 31

T or F
people w RA can have Raynaud's phenomeon

Back 31

true

Front 32

NAME
people w this usally have Raynaud's phenomenon

Back 32

discoid lupus erythematosus

Front 33

What is Raynaud's phenomenon?

Back 33

is when you have problems w vascular supply in which the hand will turn red instead of white....affected by cold

Front 34

NAME
this is when you have problems w vascular suply in which the hand will turn red instead of white ....affected by the cold

Back 34

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 35

what scleroderma?

Back 35

is thickening of the skin..making it tight and reducing ROM w excess layer of collagen

Front 36

NAME
this has thickening of the skin, making it tight and reducing ROM bc of laying down of excess collagen fibers

Back 36

scleroderma

Front 37

what are (2)primary areas that scleroderma affects?

Back 37

(1)hands (2)face

Front 38

NAME
this inflammatory disorder primarly affects the hands and the face

Back 38

scleroderma

Front 39

what are some problems someone w scelroderma on the face and hands could have?

Back 39

(1)face-trouble opening mouth-feeding (2)hands-trouble flexing fingers

Front 40

what is the Allen's test?

Back 40

test for Raynaud's .....hold pressure on ulnar and radial arery in wrist. have them make a fist....hands should be pink/red not WHITE

Front 41

NAMe
this tests for Raynaud's

Back 41

allens test

Front 42

what are some types of bacterial infections? (4)

Back 42

(1)cellutitis (2)furuncles (3)impetigo (4)acute necrotizing fascitis

Front 43

NAME
these include (1)cellutitis (2)furuncles (3)impetigo (4)acute necrotizing fascitis

Back 43

bacterial skin infections

Front 44

what can cause cellutitis?

Back 44

staph or strep

Front 45

what is cellutitis?

Back 45

inflammation of the cells

Front 46

NAME
this is the inflammation of the cells

Back 46

cellutitis

Front 47

what is impetigo?

Back 47

when superfical staph infection of the skin

Front 48

NAME
this is the superficial staph infection of the skin

Back 48

impetigo

Front 49

what is herpes simplex?

Back 49

cold sore

Front 50

nAME
this is a cold sore

Back 50

herpes simplix

Front 51

Herpes zoster causes (1)

Back 51

shingles

Front 52

NAME
this causes shingles

Back 52

herpes zoster

Front 53

Shingle usally follows (1)

Back 53

1 dermatome

Front 54

NAMe
this usually follows one dermatome

Back 54

shingles

Front 55

what are scabies?

Back 55

highly infectious....is a mit that burrows in the skin such as in the webs of the fingers

Front 56

nAME
this is highly infection,...is mit that burrows in the skin such as in the webs of the fingers

Back 56

scabies

Front 57

what is keratoses?

Back 57

see in areas exposed to the sun....usually low maligant

Front 58

NAME
this type of cancer cell you usally see in areas exposed to the sun...usually low maligant

Back 58

keratoses

Front 59

NAME
this type of cancer cell usaually metases very fast

Back 59

maligant melanoma

Front 60

what are some types of skin cancer cells? (4)

Back 60

(1)keratoses (2)squamous cell (3)carcinoma (4)malignant melanoma

Front 61

NAME
these include (1)keratoses (2)squamous cell (3)carcinoma (4)malignant melanoma

Back 61

cancer cells

Front 62

what is the pathway for malignant melanoma in the body? (5)

Back 62

(1)primary site to the (2)lymph nodes to the (3)liver (4)lungs (5)brain

Front 63

what are pressure ulcers?

Back 63

ulcer on inside to outside...cell dies

Front 64

NAMe
these are 2nd to localized ischemia and loss of blood supply

Back 64

pressure ulcers

Front 65

Pressure ulcers are secondary to the (1)and (2)

Back 65

ischemia and loss of blood supply

Front 66

NAME
these occur when tissue is btwn two hard surfaces, and blood cannot reach the tissue

Back 66

pressure ulcers

Front 67

when in bed to reduce risk of pressure ulcers, how many times do they need to be moved?

Back 67

every 2 hrs

Front 68

when in a chair to reduce the risk of pressure uclers, how many times does the client need to be moved?

Back 68

every 15 to 20 mins

Front 69

what are some risk factors for pressure ulcers? (6)

Back 69

(1)immobility (2) decreased mental status (3)diminshed sensation (4)advanced age (5)fecal and urinary inconctinece (6)inadequate nutrition

Front 70

NAME
the following factors can increase your risk for this.
(1)immobility (2) decreased mental status (3)diminshed sensation (4)advanced age (5)fecal and urinary inconctinece (6)inadequate nutrition

Back 70

pressure ulcers

Front 71

what is hyppoptienenmia?

Back 71

low protien

Front 72

NAME
this refers to low protien

Back 72

hypoprotieninemia

Front 73

hypoprotienemia can cause (1)

Back 73

pressure ulcers

Front 74

what are the differ stages of pressure ulcers? (4)

Back 74

(1)nonblanchable erythema (2)partical thickness confined to the dermis and epidermis (3)full thickness(dermis, epidermis and subQ) (4)full thickness (dermis, epidermis, and subQ) skin loss w tissue necrosis and damage to muscles, bones, or supporting structures

Front 75

what is nonblanchable erythema?

Back 75

is when you apply pressure to the red area...it stays red not white

Front 76

NAME
this refers to when you apply pressure to the red area ...it stays red not white

Back 76

nonblanchable erythema

Front 77

NAME
during this stage of pressure ucler there is nonblanchable eryhema

Back 77

stage 1

Front 78

NAME
during this stage of pressure ucler there is partial thickness (confined to dermis and epidermis)skin loss...such as a abrasion or blister

Back 78

stage 2

Front 79

NAME
during this stage of pressure ucler there is full thickness (dermis, epidermis, and SubQ) skin loss

Back 79

stage 3

Front 80

NAME
during this stage of pressure ucler there is full thickness (dermis, epidermis, and subQ)skin loss w tissue necorosis (damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures)

Back 80

stage 4

Front 81

what is stage 1 of pressure ulcer?

Back 81

there is nonblanchable eryhema

Front 82

what is stage 2 of pressure ulcer?

Back 82

ucler there is partial thickness (confined to dermis and epidermis)skin loss...such as a abrasion or blister

Front 83

what is stage 3 of pressure ulcer?

Back 83

during this stage of pressure ucler there is full thickness (dermis, epidermis, and SubQ) skin loss

Front 84

what is stage 4 of pressure of ulcer?

Back 84

during this stage of pressure ucler there is full thickness (dermis, epidermis, and subQ)skin loss w tissue necorosis (damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures)

Front 85

when laying down what areas are likely to get pressure sores? (7)

Back 85

(1)back of head (2)border of scapula (3)scarum (4)illiocrest (5)elbow (6)heels (7)foot

Front 86

when laying on side what areas are likley to get sores? (10)

Back 86

(1)ear (2)shoulder (deltiod) (3)illiocrest (4)greater part of hip (5)mid thigh (6)behind the knee (7)btwn legs (8)mid calf -muslcle bulk(9)heels (10)foot

Front 87

when sitting in a wheelchair, what areas are more likely to get sores?

Back 87

(1)behind knee (2)bottom of foot look up rest

Front 88

how does burns affect the skin?

Back 88

(1)loss of fluids (2)loss of the first line of defense (3)decrease in efficiency of the temp control mechanism

Front 89

NAME
when this happens there is a (1)loss of fluids (2)loss of the first line of defense (3)decrease in efficiency of the temp control mechanism

Back 89

burn

Front 90

what are some types of burns?

Back 90

(1)thermal (2)electrical (3)chemical (4)radiation

Front 91

NAME
these include thermal, electrical, chemical, and radiation

Back 91

burns

Front 92

NAME
these are 93 percent of all burns

Back 92

thermal

Front 93

NAME
these are 3% of all burns

Back 93

electrical and chemical

Front 94

NAME
these are 1 percent of burns

Back 94

radiation

Front 95

electrical and chemical burns make up (1)percent of burns

Back 95

3

Front 96

radiation make up (1)of burns

Back 96

1%

Front 97

thermal burns make up (1)percent of burns

Back 97

93%

Front 98

50% of the eletrical burns are (1)

Back 98

work related

Front 99

most electrical burns have (1)

Back 99

open and exit entry and result in amputations bc the limbs are blown off

Front 100

what are some types of burns?

Back 100

(1)1st degree (2)2nd degree (3)3rd degree (4)4th and 5th degree

Front 101

describe a first degree burn? (4)

Back 101

(1)involves only the epidermis (2)appears pink to red (3)very painful (4)heals in 3to 5 days

Front 102

NAME
these can be cuased by sun or flash from an explosion

Back 102

1st degree burns

Front 103

how long does it take for a 1st degree burn to heal?

Back 103

3 to 5 days

Front 104

1st degree burns heal in (1)to (2)days

Back 104

3 to 5

Front 105

T or F
first degree burns can have blistors

Back 105

false

Front 106

what are (2)types of 2nd degree burns?

Back 106

(1)partical thickness superifical or deep

Front 107

NAME
these include paritical thickness or deep burns

Back 107

2nd degree burns

Front 108

describe 2nd degree burns?

Back 108

(1)invovlves the epidermis and part of the dermis (2)appears to be red to pale ivory and moist (3)has blisters (4)extermely painful (5)heals in 21 to 28 dys

Front 109

2nd degree burns heal in (1) to (2)

Back 109

21 to 28

Front 110

NAME
these type of burns only involve the epidermis

Back 110

1st degree

Front 111

nAME
these type of burn include the dermis and part of the epidermis w a blister

Back 111

2nd degree

Front 112

what can cause 2nd degree burns?

Back 112

flame, flash, scalds, or breif contact w hot objects

Front 113

3rd degree burns are also called (1)

Back 113

full thickness burns

Front 114

(1)are also called full thickness burns

Back 114

3rd degree burns

Front 115

what is the hallmark of 2nd degree burns?

Back 115

blisters

Front 116

Describe 3rd degree burns? (6)

Back 116

(1)involves the epidermis, dermis, and sometimes the underlying subQ tissue (2)appears white, cherry, red, or black (3)may contain visible thromosed viens (4)elasticity of the dermis destroyed elasticity may necceisate escahartomines (5)painless due to destroyed nerve endings (6)required skin grafting

Front 117

NAME
this type of burn appears white, cherry, red, or black

Back 117

3rd degree

Front 118

NAME
this type of burn appears pale ivory, and moist w blisters

Back 118

2nd degree

Front 119

NAME
these burns may contain thrombosed veins, appears dry, and leathery apperance w marked edema and destroyed elasticiy

Back 119

3rd degree bruns

Front 120

NAME
this type of burn involves the epidermis,entire dermis, and sometimes the underlying subQ tissue

Back 120

3rd degree burn

Front 121

what can cause a 3rd degree burn? (4)

Back 121

(1)flame (2)high intesntiy flast (3)electrical (4)chemical or prolonged contact w hot liquids or hot object

Front 122

what is the 4th and 5th degree burns?

Back 122

involves epidermies, entire dermis, and underlying muscle and bone

Front 123

nAME
this involves the epidermis, entire dermis, and underlying muslce and bone

Back 123

4th and 5th degree burns

Front 124

what is a 1st degree burn?

Back 124

involves the epidermis only

Front 125

what is a 2nd degree burn?

Back 125

involves the epidermis and part of the dermis and has blisters

Front 126

what is a 3rd degree burn?

Back 126

involves the epidermis and entire dermis

Front 127

why are 3rd degree burns painless?

Back 127

bc nerves destroyed

Front 128

T or F
2nd degree burns can turn into 3rd degree burns if they get infected

Back 128

true

Front 129

NAME
these types of burns usally get amputated

Back 129

4th and 5th degree burns

Front 130

NAME
this type of burn always requires a graft or a flap, may need an amputation

Back 130

4th and 5th degree burn

Front 131

what is a circumferential burn?

Back 131

burn that affects all the way around

Front 132

NAME
this is a burn that affect all the way around

Back 132

circumferential burns

Front 133

what is a escharotomy?

Back 133

usally done w bad burns...

when a cut is made on the skin to relieve pressure on the body structure to safe the structure

Front 134

NAME
this is usally done w bad burns...

when a cut is made on the skin to relieve pressure on the body structure to safe the structure

Back 134

escharotomy

Front 135

what are the rules of the nine for determining surface percentage of burns?

Back 135

(1)size of patients palm=1%
(2)head and neck-9%
(3)each UE-9%
(4)anterior trunk-18%
(5)posterior trunk-18%
(6)each LE-18%
(7)perineum-1%

Front 136

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
head and neck

Back 136

9%

Front 137

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
size of the palm of the hand

Back 137

1%

Front 138

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
each UE

Back 138

9%

Front 139

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
anterior trunk

Back 139

18%

Front 140

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
posterior trunk

Back 140

18%

Front 141

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
each LE

Back 141

18%

Front 142

NAME SURFACE DEGREE OF BURN
perineum

Back 142

1%

Front 143

what is fluid vol?

Back 143

amount of fluid sequestered in the interstitial space

Front 144

NAME
this is the amount of the fluid sequestered in the intersitital space

Back 144

fluid vol

Front 145

what happens to the fluid vol w a burn? (4)

Back 145

(1)initial celluar response to the injury-usually total body involvement (2)30% remaining local (3)30% becoming systemetiac w generalized total body capillary leak (4)patients become very large due to fluid build up in the cells during thefirst 72 hours and the need to maintain adquate blood vol

Front 146

how are the organs compromised w a burn? (5)

Back 146

(1)respiratory complications-CO poisoning and pnemonia (2)GI complications-stress uclcers, side effects of meds (3)renal complications-renal faliure (4)immunological complications-sepsis, lack of protective layer (5)metabolic complication-negative nitrogen balance

Front 147

burn patients become (1)due to fluid build up in the first 72 hrs

Back 147

very lage

Front 148

burn pts become very LARGE due to fluid build up in the first (1)

Back 148

72 hrs

Front 149

why does burn pts become very large ?

Back 149

bc of the fluid build up

Front 150

NAME
this is common skiller, and odorless, colorless, and tasteless

Back 150

carbon monoxide intoxication

Front 151

15-25 levels of carbon monoxide will cause (1)

Back 151

headahce and nausea

Front 152

25-35 levels of carbon monoxide will cause (1)

Back 152

headahce and nauasea, and
cardiac arrthymia

Front 153

30-40 levels of carbon monoxide will cause (1)

Back 153

headache and nauesea, cardaic arrythymia, and stupporous, weak

Front 154

40 to 60 levels of carbon monoxide will cause (1)

Back 154

headache, nausea, cardaic arryhtmia, stupporous, weakness, and comatose

Front 155

60+levels of carbon monoxide will cause (1)

Back 155

death

Front 156

what is the initial medical treatment for a burn?

Back 156

(1)control the pain (2)cleanse the wound (3)protective dressing (4)antibiotic and tetanus prophylaxis (5)plan for ot therapy

Front 157

what are some common types of smoke inhalation?

Back 157

(1)carbon monoxide intoxication (2)theramal injury to the respirartory tract (upperair way usually damaged)

Front 158

T or F
lung damage to smoke inhalation is common

Back 158

false

Front 159

what is the initial medical treatment for a major burn? (4)

Back 159

(1)maintain an adequate airway (2)other life threatneing injuries-intiate fluid therapy and ex)physical exam (3)look at med history (4)debride the burn wound and initiate tropical therapy

Front 160

what does debride the burn mean?

Back 160

cleaning the wound and removing debris

Front 161

what are some infection controls precautions for major burns (2)

Back 161

(1)prevention-aseptic conditions, daily cleaning and debirdement of wounds, and tropical antimicrobe agents (2)debridement techniques-hydrotherapy and rapid debridement (such as placement of enzymes to destroy debris, and knife and lazer treatmetns

Front 162

what does hydrotherapy do for a burn? (3)

Back 162

(1)remove of tropical agent (2)softens eschar (3)facilaities increase ROM

Front 163

T or F
hydrotherapy can spread the bacteria...resulting bacterial contamination

Back 163

true

Front 164

what are some types of topical antimicrobe agents?

Back 164

(1)silvadene (2)sulfamylon therapy (3)silver nitrate (4)others

Front 165

NAME
some of these include slivadene, sliver nitrate, and others

Back 165

topical antimicrobe agents

Front 166

sliver sulfdiazene are also called (1)

Back 166

silvadene

Front 167

(1)are also called slivadene

Back 167

sliver sulfadiazene

Front 168

T or F
if someone has a 3rd degree burn you should take reverse precautions

Back 168

true

Front 169

describe how superfical partial thickness wounds heal? (4)

Back 169

usually have (1)wound contractures (2)re-epithelalization from wound edges (3)healing process 5 to 14 days (4)scaring minimal

Front 170

describe how a deep partial thickness wound heals? (4)

Back 170

(1)wound contracture (2)re-epithelization of wound edges (3)healing process 2-6 weeks (4)hypertrophic scarring

Front 171

describe how a full thickness wound heals?(4)

Back 171

(1)wound contracture (2)re-epitheliaization from wound edges only (3)lysis of eschar (4)skin graft for wounds greater than 3-4 cm in diameter (5)always do skin grafts

Front 172

w. full thickness burns you always do (1)

Back 172

skin grafts

Front 173

What is the point of burn gargements?

Back 173

to prevent scaring and contractures

Front 174

how is the wound covered? (burn)? (2)

Back 174

()biological dressing (2)skin graft

Front 175

what is the point of a biological dressing? (4)

Back 175

to restore the water barrier (2)protects the wound from infection (3)relieves the pain (4)decreases number of graft procedures

Front 176

what are some types of grafts used for burns?

Back 176

(1)hereograft (2)hemograft (3)autograft

Front 177

what is a hereograft?

Back 177

from pig skin

Front 178

NAME
this is a skin graft from pig skin

Back 178

hereograft

Front 179

what is a homograft?

Back 179

skin graft from a cadaver skin

Front 180

NAME
this is a skin graft from cadaviver skin

Back 180

homograft

Front 181

When is a hereograft used?

Back 181

w. superfical and partiial thickness burns

Front 182

what is one problem a hereograft burn?

Back 182

left on till separates from the wound...body fights it

Front 183

NAME
this type of skin graft is used a temporary cover for granulation tissue and exposed tendon

Back 183

homograft

Front 184

why might a homograft be used?

Back 184

used a temporary cover for granulation tissue and exposed tendon

Front 185

what are some types of autografts?

Back 185

(1)sheet graft (2)mesh grafts

Front 186

NAME
these include sheet graft and mesh grafts

Back 186

autografts

Front 187

what is sheet graft?

Back 187

left intact used for cosemtics purpose

Front 188

NAME
this type of autograft is used for cosemtics purpoes

Back 188

sheet graft

Front 189

what is a mesh graft?

Back 189

skin is placed in machine...used when large surfaces are needed

Front 190

NAME
this type of autograft is used when a large area needs to be covered and the skin is placed in a machine

Back 190

mesh grafts

Front 191

nAME
this type of graft may be used on the face, hands, or neck

Back 191

sheet graft

Front 192

what is the differ btwn sheet and mesh graft?

Back 192

(1)sheet graft-more cosmetic (2)mesh graft-placed in machine...used for large spaces

Front 193

what are some precautions for skin grafts?

Back 193

5 days restricted movement...follow drs. parameters

Front 194

what are some precautions for an autograft?

Back 194

5 days restricted movement...follow dr.s parameters

Front 195

what are (2)types of burn pain?

Back 195

(1)background pain (2)excruciating pain

Front 196

NAME
these include background pain nad excrutciating pain

Back 196

burn pain

Front 197

what are some treatments for burn pain? (5)

Back 197

(1)pain cocktail (2)narcotics (3)hypnosis (4)relaxation techns (5)TENS

Front 198

what are the differ stages of the pressure ulcers? (4)

Back 198

(1)stage 1-nonblanchable eryhemia (2)stage 2-parical thickness-(confined to the epidermis and dermis) abrasion/blister (3)full thickness (confined to epidermis, dermis, and subQ) (4)stage 4-full thickness-(involves the epidermis, dermis, SubQ w tissue Necrosis)...w damage to muscle, bones, and underlying structures

Front 199

what are (2)types of debridement techniques?

Back 199

(1)hydrotherapy (2)rapid debridement

Front 200

STOPPED HERE

Back 200

STOPPED HERE

Front 201

what does DM stand for?

Back 201

diabetes meltius

Front 202

what is DM?

Back 202

a group of disorders characterized by glucose intolerance in the metablism of carbs, protiens, fats, and insulin and function of blood vessels

Front 203

NAME
this is a group of disorders characterized by glucose intertolerance in the metablism of carbs, protiens, fats, and insulin and function of blood vessels

Back 203

DM

Front 204

what are some types of DM? (3)

Back 204

(1)type I (2)type II (3)IGT

Front 205

what does IGT stand for?

Back 205

impaired glucose intolerance

Front 206

what is type I DM?

Back 206

IDDM

Front 207

what does IDDM?

Back 207

insuline dependent diabetes Meltius

Front 208

what does NIDDM stand for?

Back 208

non-insulin dependent diabetes meltius

Front 209

what does IGT stand for?

Back 209

impaired glucose intolerance

Front 210

NAME
this is IDDM

Back 210

type I

Front 211

NAME
this is NIDDM

Back 211

type II

Front 212

what is type II?

Back 212

NIDDM

Front 213

what is impaired IGT?

Back 213

person has borderline diabetes

Front 214

NAME
this when a person has borderline diabetes

Back 214

impaired IGT

Front 215

compare and contrast the differ types of diabetes?

Back 215

(1)typeI-IDDM (2)type-NIDDM (3)IGT-borderline diabetes

Front 216

describe type I dm? (5)

Back 216

usally young..but can occur at any age (2)usally thin (3)has little no insulin (4)needs insulin injections to survive (5)ketosis prone

Front 217

NAME TYPE OF DIABETES
usually occurs at young age, have ketosis, usally thin, have little to no insulin, and insuling injection is needed to perserve life

Back 217

type I dm

Front 218

describe type ii dm?

Back 218

has adult onset (2)usually over 40 can occur at any age (3)genetic or caused by obsesity (4)ketosis is rare

Front 219

NAME type of diabetes
usually has adult onset over the age of 40. genetics or caused by obesity and ketosis is rare

Back 219

type ii diabetes

Front 220

NAME TYPE OF DIABEtes
borderline diabetes...blood glucose is btwn normal and diabetes

Back 220

impaired glucose tolerance

Front 221

how is diabetes diagnosised? (2)

Back 221

(1_glocuse tolerance test (2)blood testing for glucose

Front 222

what is the glucose tolerance test?

Back 222

blood sample is drawn every 1/2, 1 hr, and 2 hours intervals after glucose injectiosn

Front 223

NAME
during this test, the blood sample is drawn every 1/2, 1hr , and 2 hours after glucose injection

Back 223

glucose tolerance test

Front 224

what are some kinds of insulin therapy? (4)

Back 224

(1)short acting insulin (2)intermediate insluin (3)long acting insulin (4)combo

Front 225

what are some ways that people can get insulin therapy? (3)

Back 225

(1)self injection (2)insulin pump (3)oral agents

Front 226

what is one thing people w diabetes need to do when self-injecting?

Back 226

rotate the site of injection

Front 227

T or f
they know have internal and external insulin pumps

Back 227

true

Front 228

people w (1)normal get the oral agents

Back 228

impaired glucose tolerance

Front 229

when do you test if taking insulin?

Back 229

test 4 times daily 3-4 days a week
(1)fasting blood sugar (2)2 hrs after breakfast (3)2 hours after lunch (4)2 hours of dinner

Front 230

when do you test if taking oral agents for diabetes?

Back 230

four times a day 2-3 days a week

Front 231

when do you test you glucose level for diabetes when treating it by diet and excerise?

Back 231

4 times a day 1-2 days a week

Front 232

what is the ideal glucose level when fasting?

Back 232

btwn 60 and 120

Front 233

what is the ideal glucose level 1 hr after a meal?

Back 233

btwn 80 and 120

Front 234

what is the ideal glucose level 2 hrs after meal?

Back 234

70 to 150

Front 235

what is the ideal glucose level 3 hrs after meal?

Back 235

60 to 130

Front 236

describe the normal glucose levels? (4)

Back 236

(1)fasting-60 to 120 (2)1 hr after meal-80 and 180 (3)2 hrs after meal 70 to 150 (4)3 hrs after meal-60 to 130

Front 237

60 to 120 glucose level is ideal when (1)

Back 237

fasting

Front 238

80 to 180 glucose level is ideal for (1)

Back 238

1hr after meal

Front 239

70 to 150 glucose level is ideal for (1)

Back 239

2 hrs after meal

Front 240

60 to 110 glucose level is ideal for (1)

Back 240

3 hrs after meal

Front 241

what is hypoglycemia?

Back 241

is decreased glucose level in blood

Front 242

NAME
this is a decreased glucose level in the blood

Back 242

hypoglycemia

Front 243

what are some precautions w increased ICP?

Back 243

(1)keep ICP below 20-25 mmHg (2)avoid raising the head of bed (3)ICP d on head position-avoid extreme neck flex, log roll rather than segmental roll.maintain, cervical collars limit jugular damage, and avoid hip flex greater than 90 (4)temp regulation (5)will see increase in coughing, suctioning, pain, supine positioning and valsava

Front 244

what does VP shunt stand for?

Back 244

ventriculopertioneal shunt

Front 245

what is a VP shunt?

Back 245

relieves ICP pressure caused by hydrocephalus....draining into the CSF into the abdmoninal cavity

Front 246

NAME
this relieves the ICP pressure caused by hydrocephalus...draining into the CSF into the abdmoinal cavity

Back 246

VP shunt

Front 247

NAME
this used on children who have hydrocephalus

Back 247

VP shunt

Front 248

what is subdural hematoma?

Back 248

small bleed in the brain that causing increased ICP

Front 249

NAME
this is a small bleed in the brain that causes increased ICP

Back 249

subdural hematoma

Front 250

what are some ot considerations for someone w subdural hematoma?

Back 250

(1)remove blood not CSF (2)does not have to be clamped for treatemnt (3)craniotomy-wear helment

Front 251

what is an epidural?

Back 251

injection of meds striaght into the spinal cord so meds can work faster

Front 252

nAME
this is the injection of meds striaght into the spinal cord so meds can work faster

Back 252

epidural

Front 253

what are some problems that can result from an epidural?

Back 253

(1)headaches or and LE parasthesias

Front 254

what are some precautions for someone w an epidural?

Back 254

(1)may have LE parathesias and headaches w CSF leak (2)do not pull on the line (3)air can enter the line and harm the pt

Front 255

what is tracheal tube?

Back 255

is when a tube is inserted down the throat so the person can breath

Front 256

NAME
this is when a tube that is inserted down the throat so the person can breath

Back 256

tracheal tube

Front 257

what are some types of tracheal tube?>

Back 257

endotracheal tube or ETT

Front 258

what are some precautions w a tracheal tube? (3)

Back 258

(1)unable to eat and drink or talk....may be able to do this ihave dr order to deflate the ballon (2)uncomfortable in the mouth (3)bc of this they be me restrained/ sedated

Front 259

NAME
this protects the airway and allows for ventilation

Back 259

tracheal tubes

Front 260

what is a trachesotomy tube?

Back 260

artificial airway through the trachea

Front 261

NAME
this is a artificial airway through the trachea

Back 261

trachesotomy tube

Front 262

what is a trachestomy tube used for? (3)

Back 262

long term use (2)sleep apnea (3)abrnormoalities in the upper airway

Front 263

what are some precautions for someone w a trachestomy tube?

Back 263

(1)site at 90 degrees for feeding to increase speech comprhension

Front 264

T or F
if the all of the trachestomy tube comes out call 911 and stick it back in

Back 264

tracheestomy tube

Front 265

what are some types of tracheostomy tube? (2)

Back 265

cuffed vs cuffess (2)passy muir (has speaking valve)

Front 266

what is bradycardia?

Back 266

less than 60 beats per min

Front 267

NAME
this is less than 60 beats per min

Back 267

bradycardia

Front 268

what is tachycardia?

Back 268

is greater than 120 beats btwn 140

Front 269

NAME
this is btwn 120 and 140 beats

Back 269

tachycardia

Front 270

what are some precautions for someone w afib? (3)

Back 270

(1)greater than 120 hold treatment (2)higher risk for CVA (3)decrease intensity of t

Front 271

NAME
people w this heart problem have increased risk for CVA

Back 271

afib

Front 272

NAME
this heart condition is often seen w treatment

Back 272

PVC

Front 273

what does PVC stand for?

Back 273

premature ventricular contraction

Front 274

what is supraventricular tachcardia?

Back 274

rapid rthym ...can go into v tach easily

Front 275

NAME
this is a rapid ryhtm..w multiple orgins and can easily go into v fib

Back 275

supraventricular tachcardia

Front 276

what are some precuations for someone w vfib?

Back 276

hold therapy

Front 277

what are some types of packemakers?

Back 277

temporary (2)permanent

Front 278

NAME
this usually used for people w bradcardia and it will shock the heart when the hbt gets to low

Back 278

pacemaker

Front 279

what is pacemakers?

Back 279

is usally used for people w bradcardia and will shock the heart if it gets to low

Front 280

what are some precautions for someone w temporary pacemaker?

Back 280

hold therapy

Front 281

what are some precautions for people w a permanent pacemaker? (3)

Back 281

minimize shoulder movement (no pushing or pulling, keep under 90 degrees of movement)..(2)for 3-5 days will be in sling w ace bandage around it til pacemaker becomes fixed (3)lifting precuations

Front 282

what does ICD stand for?

Back 282

implantable cardioverter defibrilator

Front 283

what are some precautions for ICD?(4)

Back 283

(1)no driving (2)MIR can deactivate the unit (3)sternotomy precautions (4)CABG precautions

Front 284

when should you stop therapy for the following cardio reasons? (12)

Back 284

(1)only able to speak 2-3 sentences (2)drop in heart rate greater than 10 (3)drop in systolic BP greater than 20 (4)loss of mm control or fatigue (5)chest pain (6)nausea or vomiting (7)excessive rise in BP (8)excessive rise in HR (9)leg claudication (10)PVC (11)faliure of monitoring equipment (12)fever

Front 285

what are some signs of lack of 02?

Back 285

(1)dysnpnea (2)central cyanosis (3)restlessness (4)confusion (5)agitation (6)tachcradia (7)bradcardia (8)dysrhymias (9)rise and falling of blood pressure (10)failing urine ouput

Front 286

what is central cyansosis?

Back 286

turning blue in the trunk area

Front 287

NAME
this refers to returning blue in the trunk area

Back 287

central cyanosis

Front 288

what are some types of mechanical ventilation?

Back 288

volume ventilation (2)pressure ventilation

Front 289

what is vol ventilation?

Back 289

predetermined tidal vol is delivered w each breath

Front 290

NAME
this is when a predetermined tidal vol is delivered w each breath

Back 290

vol ventilation

Front 291

T or F
w vol ventilation, the airway pressure is stable

Back 291

false

Front 292

what is pressure ventilation?

Back 292

provides augemented inspiration to a spontaneously breathing pt (pt determines the tidal vol, rate and inspiratory time)

Front 293

nAME
this provides augmented inspiration to a spontaneously breathing pt

Back 293

pressureventilation

Front 294

what is the differ btwn vol and pressure ventilation?

Back 294

(1)vol ventilation-regulates vol not pressure (2)pressure ventilation-pt determines tidal vol, rate and pressure in airways

Front 295

what does SCI stand for?

Back 295

spinal cord injury

Front 296

what is controlled mandatory ventilation?

Back 296

is when the vent does all the breathing

Front 297

what happens if people are awake w controlled mandatory ventilatioN?

Back 297

bucking the vent...try to fight it,,need rest

Front 298

NAME
this is when the vent does all the breathing

Back 298

controlled mandatory ventilation

Front 299

what is assist controlled vol mode?

Back 299

delivers full vol breath according to the set rate and all spontaneous breaths by ht pt

Front 300

NAME
this delivers full vol breath according to the set rate and all spontaneous breathes by ht pt

Back 300

assist controlled mode

Front 301

what are some types of vol modes for ventilation? (4)

Back 301

(1)controlled mandatory ventlation (2)assist controlled (3)last vol mode (4)presure support vent

Front 302

what is the last vol mode?

Back 302

is synchronized intermittent mandtory ventilation....pts allowed to breath spontaneously btwn mandatory breathes w out reaching full vol

Front 303

NAME
this allowsis synchronized intermittent mandtory ventilation....pts allowed to breath spontaneously btwn mandatory breathes w out reaching full vol

Back 303

last vol mode

Front 304

what is the pressure support ventilatioN?

Back 304

pt initates vent ...allows pt increased comfort

Front 305

NAME (2)
this two ventilation vol modes are used to wean people off the machine

Back 305

(1)last vol mode (2)pressure support ventilation

Front 306

what does PEEP stand for?

Back 306

positive end expiatory pressure

Front 307

what is PEEP?

Back 307

gives pressure at the end of expiration to keep lungs from totally collapsing

Front 308

nAME
this gives pressure at the end of expiration to keep lungs from totally collapsing

Back 308

PEEP

Front 309

what does FRC?

Back 309

functional residual capcity

Front 310

NAMe
this maintains FRC

Back 310

PEEP

Front 311

PEEP helps to maintain the (1)

Back 311

FRC

Front 312

what does PEEP do?

Back 312

(1)maintains FRC to (2)prevent collapsing of lungs (3)makes the next inspiration easier by keeping up saturation levels (4)provides pressure only does not assist w breathes

Front 313

t or F
PEEP assists w breathes

Back 313

false

Front 314

what are some methods used to wean people from mechanical ventilation? (3)

Back 314

(1)t-peice or trachetomy collar trails CPAP trials (2)intermittent mandatory vent and synchronized intermittent mandatory vent weaning method (3)pressure support weaning method

Front 315

what does ABGs stand for?

Back 315

aterial blood gases

Front 316

what is ABGs?

Back 316

test to measure the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood

Front 317

nAME
this is a test used to measure the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood

Back 317

ABGs

Front 318

how do they do ABGs?

Back 318

blood is drawn from the artery where levels can be measured before they enter the body tissue and become changed

Front 319

what are some precautions for ABGs?

Back 319

may need to hold excerise

Front 320

what are some considerations ot should take for people w respiratory problems? (7)(

Back 320

(1)respiratory therapits are advocates for ot (2)feel free to move tubes to achieve full ROM (3)know the torgue of the tubing (4)if the pt is caughing continously call RT for suction (5)if the pt coughs off the tubing, stabilze trach sight and replace tubing (6)if circuit becomes apart call nurse to replace (7)pt weaker during the activity/exercise when weaning

Front 321

what does CPAP stand for?

Back 321

continous postive airway pressure

Front 322

what does BIPAP stand for?

Back 322

bilevel postive airway pressure

Front 323

what is CPAP?

Back 323

recieves set pressure for inspiration/expiration....removes 02 not Co2 from the body

Front 324

T or F
CPAP removes CO2 from the body

Back 324

false

Front 325

what is the BiPAP?

Back 325

set inspiratory pressure and is able to remove PCO2 from the body

Front 326

NAME
this has a set inspiratory pressure and is able to remove PCO2 from the body

Back 326

BiPAP

Front 327

NAME
recieves set pressure for inspiration/expiration....removes 02 not Co2 from the body

Back 327

CPAP

Front 328

what is the differ btwn CPAP and BiPAP?

Back 328

CPAP-recieves set pressure for inspiration/expiration....removes 02 not Co2 from the body (2)BiPAP=
this has a set inspiratory pressure and is able to remove PCO2 from the body

Front 329

what is a bronchioscopy?

Back 329

dx procedure that detects the cause of symtpoms such as blood tinged sputrum, wheezing, or diffuciltiy breathing

Front 330

NAME
this is a dx procedure that detects the cause of symtpoms such as blood tinged sputrum, wheezing, or diffuciltiy breathing

Back 330

bronchioscopy

Front 331

NAME
this can be also used as a treatment to clear the airways of foreign bodies or secretions to help treat airway problems

Back 331

bronchoscopy

Front 332

what are some considerations for someone w has had a bronchioscopy?

Back 332

pt may not feel up to theray

Front 333

what are some ot considersations for someone who has a chest drainage? (6)

Back 333

(1)keep chest drain lower than chest (2)increased drainage w movement (3)pain at incision (4)limit trunk and shoulder movements (5)kin tube to prevent air from entering into the pleural space (6)accidental removal-cover opening, and notify medical team

Front 334

what does PICC stand for?

Back 334

peripheral inserted central line

Front 335

what are PICC lines used for?

Back 335

(1)iv meds (2)chemo (3)antibiotics (4)fluids (5)frequent blood sampling

Front 336

NAME
this can be used for iv meds, chemotherapy, antibioitics, fluids , and frequent blood sampling

Back 336

PICC lines

Front 337

what are some precautions for someone w venous access line? (4)

Back 337

ususally not sutured in length (2)avoid moisture (3)uncomfortable w walker and cruthces (4)joint movement may acculde line or splinting

Front 338

what are venous acess lines?

Back 338

for short term use has Herparin lock or saline lock

Front 339

NAME
these are for short term use and have herparin lock or saline lock

Back 339

venous access line

Front 340

what does PICC stand for?

Back 340

peripheral inserted central line

Front 341

what are some precautions for someone w PICC line? (6)

Back 341

(1)site needs to be kept dry (2)avoid crutches when walking (3)usually not sutured and can slip w overhead motions (4)UE movments/repetitve movement may cause endolitheal irriation and mechanical problems (5)no bp in same arm (6)check daily for signs of infections

Front 342

what is a arterial line?

Back 342

commonly used to measure blood pressure ......blood draws and measures amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood

Front 343

NAMe
this commonly used to measure blood pressure, blood draws, and measures amount of O2and CO2 in the blood

Back 343

arterial line

Front 344

what are some precautions for a lines? (5)

Back 344

no wrist flex/ext- (2)want blood pressure btwn btnw 90-130/50-90 (3)a-line can slip w movement (4)radial a-line and femoral a-line -avoid wrist/hip movements -can disort readings (5)femoral a-line-hold OOB activities for 4 hours

Front 345

for a line, what are the normal blood pressure you want?

Back 345

btnw 90-130/50-90

Front 346

what does a line stand for?

Back 346

arterial line

Front 347

what does CVP stand for?

Back 347

central venous lines

Front 348

what is CVP?

Back 348

measures central venous pressure and delivers meds to the cardaic area

Front 349

NAME
this measures central venous pressure and delivers meds to the cardiac area

Back 349

CVP

Front 350

what are the didfer tbwn tunneld and untunneld CVP?

Back 350

(1)non-tunneled-triple lumen catheter inserted into the subclavain or jugular vein (2)tunneled-groshong/hickman-long term use from subclavian to anterior chest wall to the right atrium

Front 351

what are the types of CVP?

Back 351

non-tunneled (2)tunneled

Front 352

what is non-tunneled-CVP?

Back 352

use triple lumen cathter that inserted into the subclavian or jugular vein

Front 353

what is tunneled CVP?

Back 353

called groshong or hickman--used for long term usage tunneled from the subclavian to the anterior chest wall to the right atrium

Front 354

what does OOB stand for?

Back 354

out of bed activties

Front 355

non-tunneled VCP is used for (1)while tunneled VCP is used for (2)

Back 355

(1)short term (2)long term

Front 356

what is a vascular access port?

Back 356

implantable port inserted into the subclavian area to the SVC

Front 357

what does SVC stand for?

Back 357

superior vena cava

Front 358

NAMe
this is a implantable port inserted into the subclavian area to the SVC

Back 358

vascular access port

Front 359

what is PICC line?

Back 359

line is inserted into the subclavian artery

Front 360

what are some ot precautions for someone w vascular access port? (2)

Back 360

overhead excerise disturb the insertion site (2)internal and external shoulder rotation should be avoided

Front 361

what are some ot precautions for someone w CVP? (4)

Back 361

(1)sustained overhead excerises and reptitive movemnts may irritate insertation site (10 reps ok) (2)neck stretches may also cause some irritation (3)avoid activities that would pull tubing out (4)may slip w movement but uncommon bc of an inflatable cuff and suturing of the line in place

Front 362

what does CVP stand for?

Back 362

central venous cathetor

Front 363

what does gi stand for?

Back 363

gastrointestinal tube

Front 364

what are some types of the short term gi tube?(2)

Back 364

(1)NG tube (2)NI tube

Front 365

NAMe
these include NG and NI tubes

Back 365

short term Gi tubes

Front 366

what does NG tube stand for?

Back 366

nasogastric tube

Front 367

what does the NI stand for?

Back 367

nasoinstentinal tube

Front 368

what does a G tube stand for?

Back 368

gastrostomy

Front 369

what does a J tube stand for?

Back 369

Jejunostomy tube

Front 370

what does a PEG tube stand for?

Back 370

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

Front 371

what are some types of long term GI tubes? (3)

Back 371

(1)G tube (2)J tube (3)PEG tubes

Front 372

what are some precautions for gi tubes? (5)

Back 372

(1)want to disconnect from pump/suction if possible (2)keep head of bed at below 30 degrees (3)if supine w.out head elevated recommend feeding to be discont. for 20-30 mins w blue dye (4)if NG or NI tube falls out or moves discont feeding immediately (5)if PEG...cover opening and notify dr. and can reinsert in 2 hours

Front 373

what does TPN stand for?

Back 373

total parental nutrition

Front 374

what is TPN?

Back 374

is when nutrients and vitamins are given in liquid form through the vien ...do not benefit from food nutrients

Front 375

NAMe
this is when nutrients and vitamins are given in a liquid from through the vien and do not benefit from food nutrients

Back 375

TPN

Front 376

what are some TPN precuations?

Back 376

monitor glucose level (2)infection at the insertion site (3)nausea or headache

Front 377

Colostomy is also called a (1)

Back 377

lleostomy

Front 378

(1)is also called a lleostomy

Back 378

colostomy

Front 379

what is a colostomy?

Back 379

empties wast into the bag

Front 380

NAME
this is when the waste is emptied into a bag

Back 380

colostomy

Front 381

how ofter are ostomy bags to be empitied?

Back 381

when half-full...

Front 382

what are some precautions for someone w colostomy ?

Back 382

positioning (2)skin condition (3)odor client embrassement

Front 383

what are some types of urinary drainage devives? (3)

Back 383

(1)external urinary drainage devices for (texas cather for males) (2)urinary cath-indwelling urinary cath or foley (3)suprapubic urinary cath

Front 384

what are some precautions for the urinary devices? (8)

Back 384

(1)monitor for signs of ut-i ex-burning, itching, abdominal pain, cloudy urine, and in elders confusion (2)never pull on cather (3)ensure that there are no kinks or twists in the tubing (4)keep urine bag below level of the bladder (5)empty drainage bag regular (6)take shower rather than a tub bath (7)ensure adequate fluid intake (8)long term--need to be changed at least one month

Front 385

make a chart of contracture and splinting for the following burn areas
(1)neck
(2)anterior axilla
(3)posterior axilla
(4)antecubital
(5)forearm
(6)dorsal wrist
(7)volar wrist
(8)dorsal hand
(9)palamar hand
(10)hip
(11)knee
(12)ankle
(13)dorsal toes
(14)plantar toes

Back 385

see chart

Front 386

position of comfort is the(1)

Back 386

position of the contracture

Front 387

(1)is jst hte position of the contracture

Back 387

position of comfort

Front 388

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
neck

Back 388

flex

Front 389

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
anterior axilla

Back 389

shoulder add

Front 390

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
posterior axilla

Back 390

shoulder ext

Front 391

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
antecubital

Back 391

elbow flex

Front 392

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
forearm

Back 392

pronation

Front 393

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
dorsal wrist

Back 393

claw hand (ext of MCP, flex of IPs, and palmar add of the thumb)

Front 394

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
volar wrist

Back 394

flex

Front 395

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
palmar hand

Back 395

cupping of palm

Front 396

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
hip

Back 396

flex, add, Er

Front 397

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
knee

Back 397

flex

Front 398

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
ankle

Back 398

planatar flex

Front 399

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
dorsal toes

Back 399

hyperext

Front 400

NAME POSITION OF COMFORT FOR THE FOLLOWING BURN
plantar toes

Back 400

flex

Front 401

draw a chart of the contractures and prevention direction for the different types of burns? (14)

Back 401

see chart

Front 402

draw a chart of the contractures and prevention direction for the different types of burns? (14)

Back 402

see chart

Front 403

draw a chart of the contractures and prevention direction for the different types of burns? (14)

Back 403

see chart

Front 404

What are the stages of burns?

Back 404

(1)emergent (2)acute phase (3)rehab phase

Front 405

What is the best method for reducing scarring and contracture?

Back 405

No single therap modality can preserve function rather deponds on the combo of all treatments

Front 406

What is the emergent phase of burns?

Back 406

Pain, edema, and constricting eschar

Front 407

NAME
During this stage of a burn, there is pain, edema, and constricting eschar

Back 407

emergent phase

Front 408

The emergent phase is also called the (1)

Back 408

Resusitiative phase

Front 409

The (1)phase is also called the resuscitative phase

Back 409

emergent phase

Front 410

What is the acute phase of the burn?

Back 410

72 hours to wound closure…have staples, bolsters, dressing, splints and painful donor sites

Front 411

What is the rehab phase of burns?

Back 411

Raising and contracting forces of the burn scar, pressure garments, wraps and inserts, and decreased strength and endurance

Front 412

NAME
This phase occurs 72 hours to wound closure.pt will have staples bolster, dressing, splints and painful donor sites

Back 412

Resustiative phase

Front 413

NAME
This phase of a burn has raising and contracting forces of the burn scar, they usually have pressure garments, wraps, and inserts, and decreased strength and endurance\

Back 413

Rehab phase

Front 414

Treatment for burns is aimed at (1)

Back 414

Preventing contractures and scarring

Front 415

What is hypertophic scarring?

Back 415

Occurs in burn victims. Is when collagen fibers are layed down and the skin becomes tight, red, and raised

Front 416

NAME
This is red, rasied and rigid mass which can contract and distort the surrounding skin

Back 416

Hypertrophic scarring

Front 417

NAME
This is highly vascularized tissue w collagen and myofibril elements oriented in whorls and nodules separated by edematous spaces

Back 417

Hypertrophic scarring

Front 418

T or f
Hypertrophic scarring is keloid

Back 418

false

Front 419

How does hypertrophic scarring progress?

Back 419

(1)collagent fibers laid down randomally (2)contracture and raising forces begin at time of injury lasting 1-2 years

Front 420

When is the scar mature?

Back 420

When it s pale flat and pliable

Front 421

Who is at risk for developing hypertrophic scarring?

Back 421

Pat w wounds (burns and donor sites) (2)pt w skin grafts (3)greater for children than adults (4)heavily pigmented people tend to scar more than lightly pigmented people

Front 422

What can be done to prevent hypertropic scaring? (3)

Back 422

(1)id at risk people (2)contrcile forces to prevent such as splinting, stretching, excerise and positioning (3)raising forces treated w pressure garments and wraps and splints

Front 423

What is the purpose of splinting? (3)

Back 423

(1)to immobilize the joint after grafting /and or apply pressure to a new graft to max graft intake (2)to prevent deformity (3)to stretch the soft tissue

Front 424

How often should the skin be checked in a splint?

Back 424

Every 8 hours or complant of pressure area

Front 425

What are some treatments that can be down w burn pts/skin graft pts? (5)

Back 425

(1)ROM (2)strengthing (3)ambulation (4)ADLs (5)pressure therapy

Front 426

What are some recommendations w pedriatic splinting?(3)

Back 426

Contractures are dffuclt to manage in small hands (2)start splingting right away post surgery (3)over splint so hardrs to get out of desired position (4)may splint for months post d/c

Front 427

How often does ROM needed to be preformed w burn pts?

Back 427

24/7

Front 428

How far should push ROM in burn clients?

Back 428

Should be performed slowly and never past the point of skin tightness or skin blanching

Front 429

T or F
When ROM on burn pts you should force the ROM.

Back 429

false

Front 430

Why is it important to get burn pts to ambulate?

Back 430

People who stay in bed are at greater risk for pneumnai, DVTs and dying

Front 431

For OOB, (1)should be used for burn pts

Back 431

Ace wraps and ulnar boots

Front 432

How often are pressure garments to be worn?

Back 432

24/7 or 23 hours a day during hygiene

Front 433

When are pressure garments applied?

Back 433

when 90 % healed

Front 434

T or F
It is not important to review the pressure garments

Back 434

false

Front 435

NAME
This is used for initially edema management then to flatten hypertropic areas and provide vascular support to newly healed areas

Back 435

Pressure therapy

Front 436

What is pressure therapy used and when?

Back 436

Initially for edema management then to flatten hyertropic areas and provide vascular support to newly healed areas

Front 437

What are some treatment tips for head burns?

Back 437

(1)early excursion improves results (2)eye, nose, and mouth are problem areas (3)head susecptable to decubiti (4)prevent pressure on ears

Exercise=facial excerise, eye blinking and mouth opening
Positoning-no pillows and egg crate foam
Splinting-MPA, toungue blades, therabite, and nasal splinting
Pressure-face mask-fabric, clear mask, elastomer insert, and chin strap

Front 438

What are some treatments for neck burns?

Back 438

(1)diffucilt when pt is intubated (2)difficult when pt is one tube feeding
Excerise-neck ROM
Positioning-no pillows and splint mattress
Splinting-neck conformer, soft collar, and watussi collar
Pressure elastomer insert-

Front 439

What are some treatment recommendations for axilla burns? (5)

Back 439

(1)gravity is our 1 enemy (2)full motion diffuclt to attain in deep burns (3)frequent excerise a must (4)contracture possible even if axilla not directly burned (5)brachial plexus injury is a reall concern

Excerise –abd/flex, overhead pulleys, finger ladder, want excerises, shoulder CPM, wall weights
Posiitoning-arm trough, papoose, sheepskin slings and shoulder CPM
Splinting-
Axillary conformer, t-shirt splint, and abd pillow
Pressure-foam w firgue 8, clavical strap, an vest

Front 440

What are some treatment recommendations for someone w elbow burn?

Back 440

(1)if pt is cooperative results are good (2)is the number one site for hertotopic boneformation
Excerise-wall weights, barbells, pronation, exerciser, and UBE, and monark
Positioning-extension and supination
Splinting-anterior conformer, 3 point splinting, dynamic splinting casts
Pressure-ace warps, arm sleeve, sliclone-lined sleeve

Front 441

What are some treatment recommendations for someone w wrist/hand burns? (8)

Back 441

(1)elevation is critical (2)degree of burn determines therapy (3)active motion encouraged (4)infant hands are exteremnly diffuclt tomanage
(5)excerise-hand excerices, gripping devices, hand CPM, balls, putty, barbells, and ADLS
(6)positioning-elevation
(7)kervix roll first 72 hours, burn hand splint w wrist 30 ext and MCPS 80 degrees flex, and ips full ext, pan resting splint, and casts
(8_pressure-cohesive wrap, isotner gloves, custom fit gloves,, foam web spaces, and silicone spacers

Front 442

What are some treatment recommendations for someone w trunk/buttock.hip burns?

Back 442

(1)poor positioning contribute to scoliosis and hip contractures (2)turning schedule important to prevent ulcers (3)splinting usually not effective (4)excerise- ambulation, and trunk stretches (5)positioning-proning, no pillow for knees and special beds (6)splinting –paoose less than 8 yrs (7)pressure-panty girdle, bike shorts, and breast plates

Front 443

NAME
This is the number one site for hertotopic bone formation

Back 443

elbow burns

Front 444

What are some treatment recommendations for someone w knee burns?

Back 444

(1)infrequent problems w complaints from pts (2)peroneal nerve pressure may cause footdrop (3)excerise-ambulation, excerise bike, CPM device, and stiars (4)no pillow for knees and prevent frog lying (5)splinting-knee conformer and knee immobilzer, and (6)pressure –tubigrip, custom stockings and silicone lining

Front 445

What are some treatment recommendations for someone w ankle.foot? (6)

Back 445

(1)ankle motion may decrease if adjacent foot burn (2)toe contractures very disabling (3)-excerise-ambulation, ankle circles, an toe excerises (4)positioning-foam heel protectors (5)-splinting-deroatational foot splint, custom foot splints, short leg cast, unna boot, and burn shoe (6)pressure-tubigrip, custom stocking, toe web spacers,and silicone inserts

Front 446

What are some general guidelines for positioning? (3)

Back 446

Elevate extermeties (2)place in elongated state (3)min add pressure or trauma area to soft tissue or nerves

Front 447

What are some general guidelines for splinting?

Back 447

Immobilze joint after grafting (2)stretch soft tissue to prevent deformity (3)cooperation + kinetic-splint (4)blanching across joint-splint (5)children+axillary-splint

Front 448

What are some general guidelines for excerise? (7)

Back 448

(1)short frequent sessions before longer ones (2)move body in direction of max stretch (3)moisture skin prior to excerise (4)AROm preferred over PROM (5)keep simple (6)perform PROM slowly (7)start strengthing and endurance programs

Front 449

What are some general guidelines for ambulation? (3)

Back 449

(1)FWB on burned LES (2)ace wrap for support (3)unna post op for early ambulation

Front 450

What are some general guidelines for pressure?(5)

Back 450

(1)min hypertrophic scarring (2)provide vascular support (3)heald less than 2-3 no pressure is needed (4)if blisters present pressure conts (5)concave areas need inserst

Front 451

What are some general guidelines for reconstruction?

Back 451

(1)post op intensity of program amy increase (2)pat eduction and communication are critical

Front 452

what are some factors to consider w reconstruction and burns? (3)

Back 452

(1)level of cooperation and compliance in the pas (2)start from ground zero (3)end result may be worse

Front 453

what are some challenges for a burn therapist? (4)

Back 453

(1)emotionalyl draining-recpient of displaced anger and grief and seen as the causing pain

Front 454

what are some future trends for burn treatments (4)

Back 454

(1)increase in skin sutituates and autografts (2)new meds (3)use of electric simulation for woul healing and scar managemnt (4)lasers are being used

Front 455

what is the normal water weight?

Back 455

btwn 40 and 60% of weight

Front 456

water weight should not get higher than (1)

Back 456

.5 in 24 hours period

Front 457

what is intracelluar fluid?

Back 457

fluid containing O2, electroyles , glucose, or the mediums for metablism to take place

Front 458

nAMe
this is fluid containing O2, electroyles, glucose or the medium needed for metabolsim to take place

Back 458

intracelluar fluid

Front 459

NAMe
this is refers to intravascular fluid (plasma,) interstiual fluid, and transcelluar fluid

Back 459

extraceullar fluid

Front 460

CHF tend to have increased(1)

Back 460

water weight/fluid

Front 461

what is osmosis?

Back 461

when the water moves from a high concentration of equalize pressure

Front 462

nAMe
this is when water moves from a high to low cocentration to equalize the pressure

Back 462

osmosis

Front 463

what is diffusion?

Back 463

moving from high to low pressure system

Front 464

what is filtration?

Back 464

is when the fluid and solutes move across the membrane from high to low pressure system

Front 465

NAME
this is when the fluid and solutes move acorss the membrane from high to low pressure system

Back 465

filtration

Front 466

what does ATP stand for?

Back 466

active transport

Front 467

what is ATP?

Back 467

move from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution

Front 468

NAME
this when fluid or something moves from a less concentrated to a more concentrated solution

Back 468

ATP

Front 469

NAME
this regulates water and electroyles

Back 469

kidneys

Front 470

what is ADH hormone?

Back 470

monitors blood pressure and maintains the concentration of substances in the fluid

Front 471

NAME
this monitors blood pressure and maintains the concentration of substances in the fluid

Back 471

ADH hormone

Front 472

an increase in ADH homrone will (1)

Back 472

produce the absorption of fluid into blood

Front 473

a decrease in ADH hormone will (1)

Back 473

dilute the amount of fluid in the blood

Front 474

Sodium and water are absorbed when(1)

Back 474

pressure in the kidneys decreass

Front 475

what is the atrial factor?

Back 475

occurs as a result of excess blood vol and stretching of the atrial walls..acts as a diuertic

Front 476

NAME
this occurs as a result of excess blood vol and stretching of the artial walls and acts as a diuertic

Back 476

atrial factor

Front 477

what is sodiuM?

Back 477

regulates water balance

Front 478

NAME
this regulates the water balance

Back 478

sodium

Front 479

what is potassium?

Back 479

vital for skeleta, cardiac, and smooth muscle

Front 480

NAME
this is vital for skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

Back 480

potassium

Front 481

what is Ca?

Back 481

vital for skeletal mmm contraction, relation, neuromucular function and cardiac functio

Front 482

NAME
this is vital for skeletal mm contraction, relaxation, neuromuscualr function, and cardiac function

Back 482

Ca

Front 483

what is magnesium?

Back 483

needed for protien and DNA syntehsis

Front 484

NAME
this is needed for protient and DNA synthesis

Back 484

magenesium

Front 485

what is cholride?

Back 485

acts as gastric juice also works on regulating blood vol

Front 486

NAME
this works as gastric juice also works on regulating blood vol

Back 486

cholride

Front 487

what is phosphate?

Back 487

helps w growth in children, and essential for mm function, nerves, and RBC

Front 488

NAME
this helps w growth in children and essential for mm function and nerves, and RBC

Back 488

phosphate

Front 489

what is the normal ph?

Back 489

btwn 7.35 and 7.45

Front 490

a normal ph is btwn (1)and (2)

Back 490

7.35 and 7.45

Front 491

what is hypovolumia?

Back 491

loss of fluid from the blod

Front 492

NAMe
this is a loss of fluid from the blood

Back 492

hypovolumia

Front 493

what is hypervolumia?

Back 493

increased amount of fluid vol in the blood

Front 494

NAMe
this is an increased amount of fluid vol in the blood

Back 494

hypervolumia

Front 495

NAME
this is when the water is lost w.out signifcant loss of electroyles

Back 495

dehydration

Front 496

NAME
this water intoxiation

Back 496

overhydration

Front 497

what is hypoatremia?

Back 497

loss of sodium

Front 498

what is hyoatremia?

Back 498

loss of sodium

Front 499

NAME
this refers to a loss of sodium

Back 499

hypoatermia

Front 500

what is hyperateremia?

Back 500

excess Na

Front 501

NAME
this refers to excess Na

Back 501

hyperatremia

Front 502

what can cause hyperatremia?

Back 502

diabetes and heat stroke

Front 503

NAMe
this can be caused by diabetes and heat stroke

Back 503

hyperatremia

Front 504

NAMe
this can cause orthostatic hypertension, fatigue, restlessness, decrease in level of consciousness, disorientation, and convulstions

Back 504

hyperatremia

Front 505

What can cause hypokalemia?

Back 505

alcholics and aneroxia nervosa

Front 506

NAME
this can be caused by alchoolics and nervosa

Back 506

hypokalemia

Front 507

what is hypokalemia?

Back 507

K+ deficit

Front 508

nAMe
this is a K+ deficit

Back 508

hypokalemia

Front 509

what is hyperkalemia?

Back 509

K+ excess

Front 510

NAME
this is a K+ excess

Back 510

hyperkalemia

Front 511

what is hypocalcemia?

Back 511

loss of Ca

Front 512

NAME
this is a loss of Ca

Back 512

hypocalcemia

Front 513

what are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?

Back 513

renal faliure, potassium conserving diuetrics...

Front 514

what can cause hypocaalcemia? (2)

Back 514

inadequate vitamin d (2)surgical removal of the parathyroid gland

Front 515

what is hypercalcemia?

Back 515

increased Ca

Front 516

NAME
this excess Ca

Back 516

hypercalcemia

Front 517

what can cause hypercalcemia?

Back 517

(10hyperparyhroidsim (2)prolonged immobilziation (3)maligancy of the bone

Front 518

NAME
this can be caused by hyperparathyroidism, prolonged immobilization, and maligancy of the bone

Back 518

hypercalcemia

Front 519

what is hypomagnesmia?

Back 519

loss of Mg

Front 520

nAME
this is a loss of Mg

Back 520

hypomagnesemia

Front 521

what can cause hypomagnesemia?

Back 521

loss of gi tract (2)long term use of drugs (3)burns (4)panceratis

Front 522

NAME
this can be caused by loss of gi tract, long term use of drugs, burns, or pancreatis

Back 522

hypomagnesemia

Front 523

what is hypermagensemia?

Back 523

excess of MG

Front 524

NAME
this is a excess of Mg

Back 524

hypermagensemia

Front 525

what can cause hypermagensemia?

Back 525

renal faliure or adrenal insufficany

Front 526

NAME
this can be cuased by renal faliure and adrenal insufficency

Back 526

hypermagnesemia

Front 527

what is respiratory Acidosis?

Back 527

includes hypoventilation, Co2 retention bc of increased acid level

Front 528

NAME
includes hypoventilation, Co2 retention bc of increased acid level

Back 528

respiratory acidosis

Front 529

what can cause respiratory acidosis?

Back 529

acute long conditions (2)chronic long disease (3)od on drugs

Front 530

what is respiratory alkalosis?

Back 530

hyperventilation, more CO2 exhaled, bc acid levels are decreased

Front 531

NAME
this is when the client has hyperventilation, more CO2 exhaled, bc acid levels are decreased

Back 531

respiratory alkalosis

Front 532

what is the diffe rbtwn respiratory acidosis nad alkalosis?

Back 532

(1)acidosis-increased acid rate, hyperventilation, and Co2 retnetion (2)alkalosis-hyperventilation, more Co2 exhaled and acid levels decreased)

Front 533

what is metabolic acidosis?

Back 533

bicarbonate levels are low in relation of the amount of carbonic acid in the body

Front 534

nAME
this is when bicarbonate levels are low in relation of the amount of carbonic acid in the body

Back 534

metabolic acidosis

Front 535

what is metabolic alkalosis?

Back 535

excess bicarbonate

Front 536

NAMe
this is exces bicarbonate

Back 536

metabolic alkalsois

Front 537

what are some common risk factors for electryole,fluid imbalalnce? (17)

Back 537

(1)COPD (2)CHF (3)kidney disease (4)DM (5)cushing syndrome or addison disease (6)cancer (7)malnutrion (8)lleostomy (9)gastrocentreitis (10)bowel obstruction (11)TBI (12)burns (13)fever (14)surgury (15)medictions such as dieutrics, steriods (16)treatments such as chemo, iv, and mechincal vents (17)other very young, old, and inbility to acess food and fluids I

Front 538

what is the pituitary gland?

Back 538

contrls the thyroid, adrenal and sex

Front 539

NAMe
this controls the thyroid, adrenal, and sex

Back 539

pitutiary

Front 540

what are some thyroid snydromes?

Back 540

(1)hypothyroidism (2)hyperthyroidsm

Front 541

NAME
this is increase in thyroid hormones

Back 541

hyperthyroidism

Front 542

NAME
this is an increase in the thyroid hormones

Back 542

hyperthyroidism

Front 543

what is cushing syndrome?

Back 543

is adrenal excesss

Front 544

NAME
this is when there is an adrenal exces

Back 544

cushing syndromes

Front 545

what is addison disease?

Back 545

is when there adrenal deficit

Front 546

NAME
this is when there is a adrenal deficit

Back 546

addison disease

Front 547

what can cause renal faliure? (5)

Back 547

(1)uti (2)obstructions (3)dm (4)obstructions (5)injury

Front 548

what are the symptoms of cushing syndrome?

Back 548

hyperglycemia, buffalo hump and easy brusing

Front 549

NAME
the symtpoms of this include hyperglycemia, buffalo hump and easy brusing

Back 549

cushing snydrome

Front 550

what are the symtpoms of ADdison disease?

Back 550

hypoglycemia, postural hypotension, skin pigmetation change

Front 551

NAME
the symtpoms of this include postural, hypotension, and skin pigementation change

Back 551

addision disease

Front 552

burns have high risk of (1)

Back 552

renal faliure

Front 553

what are some signs of renal faliure? (5)(

Back 553

(1)fluid rentation 92)HTN (3)arrthyrimias (4)lethargy (5)confusion (6)end stages amputations

Front 554

NAME
some signs of this include (1)fluid rentation 92)HTN (3)arrthyrimias (4)lethargy (5)confusion (6)end stages amputations

Back 554

renal failure

Front 555

what is hemodialysis?

Back 555

is artifical kidney.....waste products are removed from the blood

Front 556

NAMe
this is when the waste products are removed from the blood

Back 556

hemodialysis

Front 557

how often do people w hemodialyosis need treatment?

Back 557

2-3 times a day

Front 558

what is continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

Back 558

used in the late stage renal faliure......two liters of dialyzing solution is placed into the abdomen using a catheter.....the toxins are removed as the blood goes through the tiny vessels in the intestine and the pt removes the fluid from teh abdominal cavity

Front 559

NAME
this is used in the late stage renal faliure......two liters of dialyzing solution is placed into the abdomen using a catheter.....the toxins are removed as the blood goes through the tiny vessels in the intestine and the pt removes the fluid from teh abdominal cavity

Back 559

continous ambulatory peritoneal dialyis

Front 560

what are some causes of hypoglycemia? (6)

Back 560

(1)unusual physical activity w,out increasing or decreasing food insulin (2)an overdose of insuling pills (3)mistake in the meal plan (4)failure to reduce insulin after an infection (5)poor usuage of meal due to vomiting or diahreaa (6)delay in eating meal or snack

Front 561

what is a treatment for somone w mild blood sugar of 60? (2)

Back 561

carb or protien snakc such as milk...rest for 15 mins (3)recheck

Front 562

what are some treatments for moderate blood sugar- 40? (4)

Back 562

simple sugar such as honey, fruit juice, and regular pop (2)rest for 15 mins (3)re-check blood sugar (4)add protien snack when blood sugar above 60

Front 563

what are some treatements for severe blood sugar loss 0f 20?

Back 563

(1)give glucagan injection (2)turn person on side (3)notify mD (4)simple sugar when person is able to swallow (5)food w protien w blood sugar above 60

Front 564

what are some causes of hyperglycemia? (7)

Back 564

(1)not enough insulin (2)too much food (3)not enough excerise (4)stress (5)meds (6)growth (7)illness

Front 565

what is the treatment for glucosuria?

Back 565

increase insulin and fluid intake

Front 566

what is glucosuria?

Back 566

is dehydration and blurry vision

Front 567

NAME
this is dehydration and blurry vision

Back 567

glucosuria

Front 568

what is ketosis?

Back 568

fruity breath, weight loss, ketones in the urine and blood sugar over 250

Front 569

NAME
person w this has fruity breath, weight loss, ketones in the urine and blood sugar over 250

Back 569

ketosis

Front 570

what is ketoacidosis?

Back 570

is an electroylte imbalance, nausea, vomiting, and kussmaual respiration

Front 571

NAME
this is an an electroyle imbalance, nausea, vomiting, and kussmual respiration

Back 571

ketoacidosis

Front 572

what are some signs of diabetes?

Back 572

incresed thirst (2)increased hunger (3)