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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is metaplasia?
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Cell diff into different cell
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What is the most common Cause of cell injury?
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Ischemia
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What is the term that describes the “power failure” of cell inury?
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Hypoxia
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What part of the cell does chemical mechanisms affect? What happens?
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Cell mem, increase permeability
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Free radicals are caused by….
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Poisons, toxins, ischemia
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Cell mediated immunity involves….
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Cytotoxic T cells
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Humoral immunity involves……
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AB
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What is it called when the body can’t tolerate itself?
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Autoimmunity
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What is an example of alloimmune disease??
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Transfusion rxn
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What order are the immunoglobulins?
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EMGT
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What IG is type 3
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G
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What Is poison Ivy?
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Which one is glomerularnephritis
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Which is MS
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What cells are involved in Type One
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What Ig
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Which one is hemolytic disease of a newborn?
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Which one is mysthenias gravis?
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Which one is serum sickness
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Which one is SLE (lupus)
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What is type 3 from??
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Where is type 4 affected
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What is a macular type lesion that is greater than one cm?
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Papule
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What is present in the epidermis?
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Melanocytes, strat sq, and eccrine sweat
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A group of papules is frequently called…..
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plaques
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What layers does a papule invade?
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Dermis
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What layers does a nodule invade?
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Epidermis
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Which may invade the subcutaneous tissue?
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Tumor
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Lichenification is commonly present with_____
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plaques
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A wheal is actually a type of…
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Plaque
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What is another name for wheal?
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Welt
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What are wheals from?
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Infiltration of fluid into papillary body of the dermis
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A collection of pus is called…
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Abscess
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What comes out of a pustule?
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Exudate
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What is impetigo
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Honey colored crust
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What a comedome is open it is….
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A blackhead
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Scales are abnormal areas of….
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Stratum corneum
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Minor hemorrhages can cause…
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petechiae
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Which skin defect is only loss of epidermis
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erosion
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What layers does the ulcer penetrate?
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Epidermis and pap layer of dermis
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What layer does a fissure penetrate?
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dermis
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Self induced laceration of the skin?
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Scratch or excoriation
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Petechiae can be a sign of…
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Thrombocytopenia or dec platelet fxn
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What organism causes Acne Vulgaris?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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What happens in acne vulgaris?
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Pilosebaceous units become obstructed with plugs of sebum and desquamated keritinocytes and infected w/ bact.
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What is the signature of noninflam acne?
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comedomes
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What is the trigger for acne and what surges?
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Puberty and Androgens surge which causes increase sebum production and keritonocyte hyperproliferation
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What happens w/ acne rosacea?
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Increased capillary reactivity and vascular dilation
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What two things distinguishes Acne rosacea from acne vulgaris?
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Age of onset and lack of comedomes
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Facial flushing, telangiectasia, erythema, papules, pustules, rhinophyma on the fact is indicative of…
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Acne rosacea: comes on by temp, hot foods, stress, some meds, hot baths, etc.
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What ages does rosacea typically happen b/w
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30-50 in people w/ fair complexions
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Cellulitis is an acute bacterial infection of the….
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Skin and subcutaneous tissue
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What organisms cause cellulitis?
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Group A B Hemolytic Strep and Staph Aureus
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Does strep or staph cause a diffuse rapidly spreading infection? How does this happen
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Strep: Enzymes produced by the organism break down cellular components that would contain the organism
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Does Strep or staph cause a typically localized .infection? Where would this happen
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Staph: occurs with an open wound or cutaneous abscess
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What is pain, rapidly spreading redness and edema, perhaps fever and lymphadenopathy of the legs
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Cellulitis
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What helps with MRSA
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What is the most common kind of skin cancer?
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BCC (75%)
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Does UVA or UVB penetrate the subcut
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UVA
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What is a basal cell carcinoma classified as?
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Papule or nodule which are derived from epidermal basal cells: PEARLY
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What are some risk factors for cellulitis?
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Skin abnormalities (trauma, ulceration, fungal infection), chronic venous insuff, lymphedema, diabetes
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Does UVB or UVA cause BCC?
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UVB
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Where are basal cell carcinomas located in the skin?
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Very Superficial!!
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Does UVA or UVB cause melanoma?
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UVB
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What does ABCDE stand for?
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Asymetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
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How does melanoma come about?
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Arises from melanocytes in pigmented areas (pigmented moles: dysplastic nevi)
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Metastasis is correlated with what?
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Depth of dermal invasion
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Melanoma is where and what color?
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Anywhere (even CNS) and any color
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What makes for an increased risk of melanoma?
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Family history, sun exposure, number of moles, skin type
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Skin type gets ____ as the number increases
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Less suseptable
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A malignant tumor of epithelial keratinocytes is….
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SCC
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The age group for SCC is…
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Over 55 because its from cumulative effects
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What are some risk factors for SCC?
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Genetics (skin/hair), Carcinogens (UVB, Xrays, arsenic, soot, HPV which all cause point mutation on tumor suppressor gene), immunosupp, high alt, fam Hx
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What does SCC look like?
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Thick, rough, scaly patch (wart) which can bleed and comes and goes
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Can UVA or UVB go through windows, clouds, etc.
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UVA
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AKs are also called…
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Solar keratosis
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What are AKs and where are they found?
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Atypical keratinocytes in the epidermis
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What is atopic dermatitis?
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Immune mediated inflammation of the skin
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What happens in atopic dermatitis?
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Genetic defect in the proteins supporting the dermis (epidermal filaggrin mutation)
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Eczema is…
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Rash or atopic dermatitis
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What is the primary symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
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Pruritis (but also have erythema and severe lichenification)
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When does eczema happen?
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Children in urban areas or developed countries
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Atopy is…
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Group of disorders: asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis usually happen together
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The two types of AD are???
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IgE medicated (extrinsic and most types) and non IgE mediated (intrinsic and idiopathic)
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What triggers AD?
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Food, airborne allergens, S. Aureus on skin, hyperactive t cell response
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Dry scaly macules are…
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Xerosis
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When does AD usually occur?
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Infancy typically by 3 months
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What happens in acute phase AD?
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Lasts 1-2 months
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What happens in chronic phase AD?
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Scratching and rubbing by the babies causes skin lesions
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AD typically appears in…
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Antecubital and popliteal fossa
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What do you do for AD?
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Hydration of skin (can’t maintain hydration), decrease bathing, don’t scratch, avoid low humidity, avoid sweating, antihistamines
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What drugs are common drug exanthums?
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Ampicillin
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What type of reaction is drug exanthums?
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Type 4 (cell mediated hypersentisitivity)
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What is typically occurring in drug exanthums?
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Drug acts as a hapten and binds to proteins to form structures not recognized by immune system and it attacks them.
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What will you see with drug exanthums?
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Erthematous, maculopapular exanthem (rash), pruretic lesions which will clear over several weeks.
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What does urticaria do in drug exanthums
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This is mediated by Cutaneous mast cells in superficial dermis
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What does angioedema do in drug exanthums?
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This causes edema in deeper dermis and subcutaneous
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What is the treatment for drug exanthums?
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Discontinue the drug
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What is occurring in psoriasis?
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Inflamation of dermis and epidermis with hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and T cell activation
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Which cells play a key role in Psoriasis?
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Dendritic cells
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If pt presents with well-circumscribed, erythematous papules and plaques with silvery scales what would you think they had?
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Psoriasis
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Where is psoriasis located?
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Extensor surfaces of elbows, knees, sacrum, butt, penis, palms, nails, eyebrows, axilla, scalp, lower back,soles
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Occurance of psorasis at sites of trauma is what….
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Koebner phenomemon
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What is auspitz sign?
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When slight scratching of scaly lesion reviels bleeding within, it suggests psorasis
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What triggers psorasis?
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Trauma, infection, dry weather, drugs
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What would you do for treatment for psoriasis?
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Emollients, topical corticosteroids, topical retoids (dovonex), biologics (methotrexate)
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Oropharyngeal candidiasis and frequent yeast infections are common sign of….
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Local or systemic immunosuppression
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What are pruretic, erthematous patches and satellite lesions and pustules indicative of?
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Candida
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How would you treat candidiasis?
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Antifungal therapy
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Paronychia is from…
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Candidiasis from improper manicures and kitchens
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Satellite cells are indicative of….
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candidasis
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What is a diffuse, velvety thickening of the skin? Hyper keratinized and hyperpigmentation of the skin
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Acanthosis nigricans
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Where is acanthoses nigricans occurs?
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Axilla and back of neck or folds
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When does psoriasis happen?
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Bimodal
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What are benign fibrous growths of scar tissue?
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Keloid
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Where do keloids occur?
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In areas of injury (surg scars, acne) or spontaneously.
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Keloid scar tissue does/doesnot extend beyond area of original injury?
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DOES
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Why do keloids form?
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Form because of altered wound healing
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Treatment for keloids is…
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Intralesional corticosteroid, exsicion, cryosurgery, laser surgery, radiation ther
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What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
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Endocrine disorder, obesity, drugs, malignancy
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What is typical onset of acanthosis nigricans?
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Childhood, puberty
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How do you treat acanthosis?
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Correct underlying tissue
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Scales are caused by…
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Increased rate of epidermal cell prod.
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