Patho Exam 1

Front 1

WHAT IS THE DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER?

Back 1

ICF-FLUID WITHIN CELLS-2/3
ECF-FLUID OUTSIDE CELLS-1/3 (INTERVASCULAR AND INTERSITITAL)

Front 2

WHY DOES TBW VARIE WITH AMOUNT OF BODY FAT AGE?

Back 2

B/C FAT IS HYDROPHOBIC, VERY LITTLE H20 IS CONTAINED IN FAT CELLS.

Front 3

WHAT ABOUT THE TBW OF THE ELDERLY? WHAT HAPPENS TO THEIR BODY COMP?

Back 3

TBW DECLINES IN RESULT OF DECR. FREE FAT MASS AND MUSCLE, AS WELL AS ABILITY TO REG NA AND H20 BALANCE.

Front 4

TBW IN LEAN VS. OBESE ADULT?

Back 4

LEAN ADULTS HAVE MORE TBW WHICH PUT OBESE AT GREATER RISK FOR DEHYDRATION

Front 5

WHAT CAUSES WATER MOVEMENT BETWEEN PLASMA AND INTERSITITIAL FLUID?

Back 5

HYDROSTATIC AND ONCOTIC PRESSURE

Front 6

WHAT PUSHES WATER INTO INTERSTITIAL SPACE?

Back 6

CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Front 7

WHAT PULLS WATER BACK INTO INTERSTITIAL SPACES?

Back 7

INTERSTITIAL ONCOTIC PRESSURE

Front 8

WHAT PUSHES WATER INTO CAP?

Back 8

INTERSTITIAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Front 9

WHAT PULLS WATER BACK INTO CAP?

Back 9

CAP ONCOTIC PRESSURE

Front 10

WHAT IS EDEMA?

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EXCESS ACCUMULATION OF FLUID WITHIN INTERSTITIAL SPACES

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LOCALIZED EDEMA

Back 11

LIMITED TO A SITE OF TRAUMA

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NORMAL K+ LEVELS

Back 12

3.5-5.0
LIVER/SKELETAL MUSCLE

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NORMAL CA LEVELS

Back 13

118-132
CNS

Front 14

NORMAL NA+ LEVELS?

Back 14

135-145
CNS

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1ST LOD

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INNATE RESISTANCE, IN PLACE AT BIRTH,PROTECTS FROM INVASION BY PATHOGENS

Front 16

3RD LOD

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ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, TARGETS PARTICULAR INVADING MICROORG AND DESTROY. INVOLVES MEMORY

Front 17

2ND LOD

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INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE, PROTECTS BODY FROM FURTHER INJ/INFECTION AND PROMOTES HEALING

Front 18

INCREASE STICKINESS TO ENDO CELLS AND CAUSE WBC AND PLATE;ETS TO ACCUM ON VESSEL WALL?

Back 18

ADHESION MOLECULES

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1ST TO INFLAM SITE, MATURE CELL, REMOVES DEBRIS AND DEAD CELLS IN STERIL LESIONS (BURNS)

Back 19

NEUTROPHILS

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IMMATURE CELL, LARGEST-PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW, ENTER CIR SYSTEM, MIG TO IMFLAMM SITE THEN BECOME MACROPHAGES

Back 20

MONOCYTE

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MATURE CELL, INVADES 24 HRS LATER TO REPLACE NEUTROPHILS

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MACROPHAGE

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BODYS PRIMARY DEFENSE AGAINSTS PARASITES(WORMS)

Back 22

ESINOPHILS

Front 23

RECOGNIZA AND ELIM CELL INFECTED WITH VIRUSES AND ABNORMAL HOST CELLS (CANCER)

Back 23

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

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4 EXUDATES

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SEROUS, FIBRINOUS, BACTERIAL, HEMORRHAGIC

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SEROUS EXUDATE

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WATERY LIQUID, EARLY OR MILD INFLAM (EX. BLISTER)

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FIBRINOUS EXUDATE

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THINK AND CLOTTED (EX, PNEUMONIA)

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BACTERIAL EXUDATE

Back 27

PUS

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HEMORRHAGIC EXUDATES

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BLOOD

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RELEASED FROM NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES, ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN

Back 29

FEVER

Front 30

INCREASE IN # OF CIRC WBC

Back 30

LEUKOCYTOSIS

Front 31

PRODUCTS OF LIVER INCREASE

Back 31

PLASMA PROTEIN SYNTH.

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ANTIGEN

Back 32

FOREIGN ON NON SELF, REACTS WITH ANTIBODIES OR ANTIGEN RECEP ON B AND T CELLS

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ALLERGEN

Back 33

ANTIGEN TAHT INDUCE AND ALLERGIC REACTION

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ANTIBODY

Back 34

PRODUCE BY MATURE B CELLS IN RESP TO A CHALLENGE BY AN ANTIGEN

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B LYMPHOCYTES

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ENTER BLOOD- MATURE IN BONE MARROW AND HIDE OUT IN LN. PRODUCE ANTIBODIES THAT INJECT ANTIGEN

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T LYMPHOCYTES

Back 36

ATTACK ANTIGEN DIRECTLY, MATURE IN THYMUS

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ANTIBODY PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE 4 PROTECTION AGAINST MANY BACTERIA AND VIRUSES (T CELLS)

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HUMORAL IMMUNITY

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IgG

Back 38

MOST ABUNDANT, PROTECT AGAINST INFECTION

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IgE

Back 39

MEDIATOR OF COMMON ALLERGIC RESPONSES

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IgM

Back 40

LARGEST 1ST ANTIBODY PRODUCED DURING INITIAL RESP 2 ANTIGEN

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IgD

Back 41

ANTIGEN RECEP ON SURFACE OF EARLY B CELLS

Front 42

ATTACK AND KILL TARGET DIRECTLY. TARGETS INCLUDE CELLS IFECTED BY VIRUSES AND CANCER

Back 42

T CELLS

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REMEMBERS THE ANTIGEN AND RESPONDS QUICKER AND EFFICIENTLY WHEN PATHOGEN INVADES AGAIN

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MEMORY CELL

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ACTIVE ACQUIRED

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NATURAL EXPOSURE OR AFTER IMMUNIZATION

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PREFORMED ANTIBODIES TRANSFERRED FROM DONOR TO RECIPIENT. (MOM TO FETUS)

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PASSIVE ACQUIRED

Front 46

CBC

Back 46

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT, INC. WBC= INFECTION!

Front 47

EXCESS OR INAPPROPRIATE ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSE, BODY DAMAGED BY IMMUNE RESPONSE RATHER THAN THE ALLERGEN

Back 47

HYPERSENSITIVITY

Front 48

TYPE 1

Back 48

"ALLERGIC REACTIONS"-HISTAMINE AFFECTS TARGET CELLS

Front 49

"TISSUE SPECIFIC" IgG OR IgM ATTACK ANTIGENS ON CELL SURFACES; ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIGENS

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TYPE 2

Front 50

IMMUNE COMPLEX-MEDIATED

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TYPE 3

Front 51

OCCURS AFTER IV ANTIBOTICS, FOOD, DRUGS, AND INSECT VENOMS, TYPE 3

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SERUM SICKNESS

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"CELL MEDIATED" MEDIATED BY T LYMPH AND DONT INVOLVE ANTIBODY, TC CELLS ATTACK AND DESTROY CELLULAR TARGETS DIRECTLY.

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TYPE 4

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ALLERGIC RX FROM POISON IVY, GRAFT REJECTS,DELAYED TYPE, PPD TEST 4 TB, CONTACT DERM

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TYPE 4

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"BODY TURNS ON SELF", IMMUNE SYSTEM ATTACKS SELF ANTIGEN; SELF TOLERANCE BREAKS DOWN IMMUNE SYSTEM DESTROYS BODY TISSUE.

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AUTOIMMINITY

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EXAMPLE OF THIS; LUPUS, GRAVES DISEASE, MYASTHENIA, GRAVES

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AUTOIMMUNITY

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FAILURE OF THE IMMUNE OR IMFLAMM RESP TO FUNCTION NORMALLY

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IMMUNE DEFICIENCY

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causes by genetics (from birth), most are result of single gene defect, not inherited

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primary (congenital) immune deficiency

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most common immune def. caused by another condition

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secondary (acquired)

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transmitted by body fluids-sexual contact, breast milk, blood 2 blood contact, transfusions destroys helper t cells, TH count <200

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AIDS

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MALFORMATION 21ST CHROMOSOME-ZYGOTE CONTAINS 3 CHROM INSTEAD OF 2.

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TRISOMY 21 (SOWN SYNDROME)

Front 61

DELETION OR ABNORMAL X CHROMO 45

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TURNERS SYNDROM

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AFFECTS ONLY GIRLS

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TURNERS SYNDROME

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99% SPONTANEOUSLY ABORTED- DONT MAKE IT TO BIRTH.

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TURNERS SYNDROME

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1 OR MORE EXTRA X CHROMOSOME

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KLINEFLETERS SYNDROMNE

Front 65

AFFECTS ONLY MALES

Back 65

KLINEFLETERS SYNDROME

Front 66

ASSOCIATED WITH PARENTAL AGE

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KLINEFLETERS SYNDROME

Front 67

TALL LEAN BODY, NORMAL INTELLECT. S/S GYNECOMASTIA-MEN DEVELOP BREASTS,STERILIL

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KLINEFLETERS SYNDROME

Front 68

METAB DISORDER, DEFECT IN ENZYME THAT PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE THAT METAB PHENYLALANINE

Back 68

PKU

Front 69

CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDER-CHROM 15

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MARFANS SYNDROME

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LONG SKINNY FINGERS, ARMS

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MARFANS SYNDROME

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MONITOR GROWTH, DEVEL, AND VISION, CARDIAC VALVE REPLACEMENT, MAINTAIN NORMAL BP

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MARFANS SYNDROME

Front 72

NO COLOR, ABSENCE OF TYROSINASE,NEEDED FOR MELONIN PROD. BOTH PARENTS CARRIERS

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ALBNISM

Front 73

VISION PROB. TRANSILLUMINATION (BLIND) NO MELANIN

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TYPE 1 ALBNISM

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LESS PIGMENTED- NO VISION PROB

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TYPE 2 ALBNISM

Front 75

INTERRUPTION OF DEVEL IN UTERO, RISK FOR ASP AND MALNUTRITION

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CLEFT LIP/PALATE

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MONITOR FOR EAR INFECTION AND HEARING LOSS

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CLEFT LIP/PALATE

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RARE INHERITED DISEASE CAUSED BY DEGENERATION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND THE CASAL GANGLIA; DEFECT ON CHROM 4

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HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Front 78

EVIDENT B/W 22-25 YEARS OF AGE, LIFE SPAN 10 YRS, ALL ETHNIC GROUPS, IF INHERITED FROM FATHER, ONSET IS LATER IN LIFE

Back 78

HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Front 79

S/S CHOREIFORM- RAPIJ, JERKY BODY MOVEMNET. ATHETOSIS- SLOWER MOVEMENTS THA NCHOREIFORM

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HUNTINGTONS DISEASE

Front 80

AN INHERITED DISEASE THA CAUSES THINK STICKY MUCUC TO BUILD UP IN LUNGS AND DIGEST TRACT

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CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Front 81

INVOLVES PANCREATIC, REP, LIVER, GI, MOSTLY CAUCASIANS

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CF