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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 hormones of posterior pituitary
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ADH & oxytocin
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Which T is metabolically active
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T3 is metabolically active
T4 converts to T3 |
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hyperthyroid: high or low?
TSH___ & T3/T4___ |
low TSH
high T3/T4 |
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hypothyroid: high or low?
TSH__ & T3/T4 |
high TSH
low T3/T4 |
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the hypothalamus-pituitary system incudes the portal___blood vessels
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hypophysial
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somatostatin functions as an inhibitory hormone for
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GH & TSH
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CRH releases
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ACTH
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GnRH releases
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FSH
LH |
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adrenal gland target & increases steroidogenesis
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ACTH
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ovulation & progesterone
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LH
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follicle maturation, estrogen production
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FSH
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FYI Estrogen
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-maturation of reproductive organs
-development of secondary sex char. -closure of long bones -regulation of menstrual cycle -endometrial regeneration after menstruation -metabolic effects on bone, liver, blood vessels, brain, CNS, skin and kidneys -ceases production after menopause |
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Progesterone FYI
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-LH stimulates ovary secretion
-ovary and adrenal gland secrete -large amount secreted cyclically from ovary while corpus luteum is active 9-13 days after ovulation -opposing and complementary role with estrogen -controls menstrual cycle with estrogen |
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Androgens FYI
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-small amount produced by ovary and adrenal glands
-precursor of female sex hormones, androstenedione -skeletal growth spurt, growth of pubic and axillary hair -sebaceous glands-acne -libido |
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thyrotoxic crisis happens in hyperthyroidism and you treat with these
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block TH-PTU
block catechols w/Beta Blockers treat cause |
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this is result of long standing hypothyroid & is nonpitting boggy edema
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myxedema
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the 4 Hs of myxedema
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Hypothermia
hypoventilation hypoglycemia hypotension |
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treat hypothyroidism w/
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T4 replacement
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estrogen is generic for 3 hormones
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estradiol
estrone estriol |
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menarche triggered by___from adipose tissue
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leptin
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3 phases of ovulation
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follicular/proliferative
luteal/secretory ischemic/menstrual |
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1st phase follicular/proliferative
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follows menstruation
maturation of ovarian follicle Ant pit secretes FSH causes follicle to develop, granulosa cells secrete estrogen, proliferation of endometrium, ovulation occurs |
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2nd phase luteal/secretory
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follicle transforms to corpus luteum, LH stimulates CL to secrete progresterone, glands secrete glycogen, ready for implantation
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3rd phase ischemic
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menstruation
marks beginning of new cycle |
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common cause of fertility, follicles develop but do not ovulate, no menses leads to endometrial hyperplasia
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Polycystic Ovary syndrome
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women w/PCOS are overweight, high IR, & have these 2 things
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acanthosis nigricans & hirsuitism
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PCOS is an imbalance between __ & ___
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FSH & LH
too much LH &/not enough FSH |
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inner medulla secretes:
outer cortex 3 zones: |
catechols
1)aldosterone 2)cortisol 3)androgens |
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feedback loop of cortisol. Begin with hypothalamus
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hypothalamus>CRF>ant pit>ACTH>adrenal cortex>cortisol
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glucocorticoids-cortisol does 5 things
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metabolic
anti-inflammatory growth-suppressing raises BG levels potentiates catechols increases appetite |
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peak cortisol
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7am-10am
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do adrenals store glucocorticoids?
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no; amount released=amount made
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circadian rhythm of cortisol:
bedtime sleep awakening during day |
decrease bedtime
increase sleep peak on awakening decrease during day |
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truncal obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, osteoporosis, purple striae, brusing, thin skin, hyperpigmentation
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cushing syndrome: hypercortisolism
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chronic administration of glucocorticoids which leads to Cushings is considered (primary/secondary?) & is most common cause
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secondary
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treatment of cushings includes?
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surgery, radiation and medication
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infection, hemorrhage, surgical removal of adrenal glands can cause glucocorticoid deficiency & primary hypoadrenalism or
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addison's disease
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abrupt discontinuation of chronic glucocorticoids can cause this
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secondary hypocortisolism--most common cause of adrenal insufficiency
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addison's characteristics:
ACTH cortisol |
elevated ACTH
low cortisol |
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weakness, weight loss, hypoglycemia, hyperpigmentation, hypotension are signs of
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addison's
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fluid volume deficit, hyPERkalemia, hyPOnatremia, orthostatic hypotension are signs of
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mineralcorticoid deficiency
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this is life threatening may occur with abrupt discontinuation of steroids/failure to administer extra steriods to steroid-dependent pt who has stressful event
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addisonian crisis
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severe hypotension
hyponatremia DHN hyperkalemia are s/s of |
addisonian crisis
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treat addisonian crisis with
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hydrocortisone to immediately replace cortisol (fast acting w/ both gluco & mineral corticoid)
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excessive aldosterone secretion s/s include:
HTN, hyPOkalemia, neuromuscular signs |
hyperaldosteronism
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adrenal medulla hyperfunction can lead to__, HTN, tachy, diaphoresis, headache, warmth, wt loss, palpitations & lead to HTN crisis
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pheochromocytoma
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Cortisols physiological effects
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1. Carb Metab: makes glucose available to brain
2. Protein Metab: 3. Fat metan 4.Cardio: integrity of blood vessels 5. CNS: excitation, euphoria 6. Stress: increases cortisol |
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Aldosterone causes ____retention with K and H loss.
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sodium
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The adrenal medulla releases ______ and is stimulated by stressful events.
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catecholamines (epi and norepi)
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